ffl

. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OK THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATUKAL SCIENCES

OF

PHILADELPHIA.

VOLUME XXV, 1914.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M. D., Sc. D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE :

EZRA T. CRESSON J- A. G. REHN.

PHIL:P LAURENT H. w. WKNZF.L.

PHILADELPHIA :

ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,

LOGAN SQUARE.

1914.

The several numbers of the NEWS for 1913 were mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office as follows :

No. 1 — January January 2, 1914.

" 2 — February January 31

" 3— March February 28

" 4— April March 31

" 5— May April 30

6 — June June 1

" 7— July June 30

" 8— October September 30

" 9— November October 31

The date of mailing the December, 1914, number will be announced in the issue for January, 1915.

PRESS OF

P. C. STOCKHAUSEN PHILADELPHIA

INDEX TO VOLUME XXV.

(* Indicates new genera, species or varieties.)

ALDRICH, J. M. Bibliography of Diptera 104

ALEXANDER, C. P. The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hun- garian National Museum III-IV 205, 351

ALLARD, H. A. Locust Stridulations 463

BANKS, N. Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica. 149

Two new Species of Psychoda 127

BARNES, W. & J. McDuNNOUGH. A Note on Arg\nnis

lanrenti 324

BERRY, L. (See ROWLEY, R. R.)

BETHUNE-BAKER, G. T. Monograph of the Chrysoph-

anids 299

BLAISDELL, F. E. Minutes of the Pacific Coast Entomo- logical Society. (See under General Subjects.)

BOWDITCH, F. C. Corrections in Phytophaga 284

BRAUN, A. F. Notes on No. American Tineina, with de- scriptions of New Species 113

BRUES, C. T. The Bethylid genus Mesitius in So. America. 119 BURGESS, A. F. & H. T. FERNALD. Annual Meeting, Ameri- can Association of Economic Entomologists 470

CALVERT, P. P. Aids to Scientific work 372

The Annual Entomological meetings 467

The first quarter century of the NEWS 467

Editorials. (See under General Subjects.)

The influence of insects on civilization 74

Local arrangements for the Annual Meetings 470

Notes on a Gomphine exuvia from \Yilliams' Lake, Mala-

gorda Co., Texas 454

Obituary: E. Olivier, E. A. Popenoe and A. G. Hammar.-^n

Obituary : Charles S. Welles [92

Prevention of insect-borne diseases in the Army in

Mexico -'^3

Review: Adam's Guide to the Study of Animal Ecology Review: Braun's Evolution of the Color I'atk-ni in the Microlepidopterous < '.onus Lithocolletis -'31 >

iv INDEX.

Review : Picado's Les Bromeliacees fipiphytes Con-

siderees comrae Milieu Biologique 87

Review : Shelford's Animal Communities in Temperate

America 82

Review: Williston's Water Reptiles of the Past and

Present 477

Side lights on Entomology 229

Studies on Costa Rican Odonata 337

The Waterfall-Dwellers : Thauniatoncnra images and

possible male dimorphism 337

(See also MacGillivray & Calvert.) CAMPBELL, R. E. A new Coccid infesting Citrus trees in

California 222

CHAMBERLIN, R. V. Notes on Chilopods from the East

Indies 385

CHRYSLER, M. A. Side lights on Entomology 229

CLAGGET, G. A spider swathing mice 230

CLEMENCE, V. L. A new Lycaena from Arizona 28

COCKERELL, T. D. A. A mite gall on Clementsia 466

A new Coccid from Arizona no

A new wasp from Colorado 32

Sclrinia gloriosa 38

Suggestions for the Bibliographical Dictionary of Ento- mologists 325

COCKERELL, W. P. An adventure while collecting bees

in Guatemala 217

CRAMPTON, G. C. Notes on the thoracic sclerites of wing- ed insects 15

CRAWFORD, D. L. A recently described Psyllid from East

Africa 62

CRESSON, E. T., JR. "Daddy-long-legs?" 38

Do house flies hibernate ? 231

Descriptions of new genera and species of the Dipterous

family Ephydridae 24 1

Descriptions of new No. American Acalyptrate Diptera.457

The male of Syringogaster bntnnca from Peru 26

More nomenclatorial notes on Trypetidac 323

INDEX. v

Review : Wytsman's Genera Insectorum 236

Some nomenclatorial notes on the Dipterous family Try-

petidae 275

CRESSON, E. T., JR., and J. A. G. REHN. Entomological

Literature. (See under General Subjects.) CROSBY, C. R. The identity of two insects, each described

by Ashmead as Megastigmus flaripes 27

DODD, A. P. A new genus of Platygasteridae from Aus- tralia 416

A new Proctotrypoid genus from Australia 126

A new Platygasterid genus with remarkable antennae. .455 A new Proctotrypoid egg-parasite from the West Indies. 350

New Proctotrypoidea from Australia 251

DUSHAM, E. H. A method of injecting the tracheae of in- sects 468

ELLIS, M. D. New American bees of the genus Halic-

tlt* 97, I51

EMERTON, J. H. Recent collections of spiders in New- foundland and Labrador 117

EVERMANN, B. W. A note on the abundance of the thistle butterfly, Pyrameis cardui 415

EVER, J. R. & C. H. MENKE. Adelocephala bisecta 151.

FELT, E. P. Review : Kieffer's Cecidomyiidae in the Gen- era Tnsectorum . iS;

*. '

FERNALD, H. T. Parasites of the San Jose Scale 3<;

(See also Burgess & Fernald.)

FRANZEN, J. W. Minnesota butterflies 363

GILLETTE, C. P. Two Colorado plant lice _>< >< i

GIRAULT, A. A. Fragments on North American in- sects 180, 268, 2X3

Length of the pupal stage of Adalia bipnnctatci 155

A Locustid laying eggs 3 j i

Naphthalene and fleas 130

A new Chalcidid genus and species of Hymenoptcra

from Australia 30

A new genus of Chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the family

Cleonymidae from Australia 396

A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia 2^

vi INDEX.

A new species of the remarkable Hymenopterous genus Smicromorpha with correction of the generic descrip- tion 461

Overwintered cocoons surviving forest fire 148

Standards of the number of eggs laid by insects {Peri- planet a australasiae) 296

Standards of the number of eggs laid by spiders III ... 66 Supposed diseased eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemerae-

jormls and records of parasites 167

The twentieth Australian species of Elasmus 32

CODING, F. W. Catalogue of the Membracidae of Uru- guay 397

GREENE, G. M. Minutes of the Feldman Collecting So- cial. (See under General Subjects.) GRINNELL, F., JR. An individual variation of Lorquin's

Admiral, Limenitis lorqninii 462

Obituary : J. J. Rivers 143

HANCOCK, J. L. Some corrections in names of So. Ameri- can Tetriginae 328

HASKIN, J. R. Butterfly collecting in Mojave Co., Arizona. 300 HEBARD, M. (See J. A. G. REHN.)

HUGUENIN, J. C. Notes on Calligrapha sigmoidea 419

Observations on an insectivorous larva 327

HUNGERFORD, H. B. (See F. X. WILLIAMS.)

JOHNSON, C. W. Notes on inadequate locality labels .... 123

KELLOGG, V. L. & S. NAKAYAMA. Mallophaga of the Viz-

cacha 193

LEHR, W. Critical Remarks on Seitz' Macrolepidoptera

of the World 138

LEUSSLER, R. A. An improved method of caring for speci- mens of butterflies on extended collecting trips 202

LOVELL, J. H. The origin of Oligotropism 314

Why do honey bees discriminate against black? 407

McDuNNOUGH, J. (See BARNES, W.)

MACGILLIVRAY, A. D. & P. P. CALVERT. Annual Meeting,

Entomological Society of America 469

MAIDL, F. & HANDLIRSCH, A. Third International Con- gress of Entomology 420

INDEX. vii

MALLOCII, J. R. A new Borborid from Panama 31

New American Diptera 172

Notes on North American Agromyzidae 308

MARLATT, C. L. The alligator pear-weevil — a correction .. 37

MENKE, C. H. (See EVER, J. R.)

MUTTKOWSKI, R. A. Obituary: G. W. Peckham 148

NAKAHARA, W. A new Dilar species from Japan 297

NAKAYAMA, S. (See V. L. KELLOGG.)

REHN, J. A. G. & M. HEBARD. On the Blatta aci/vptiaca

of Drury I2r

On the genus Phoetalia of authors 216

A new species of true katydid from Western Texas . . .292

ROBERTSON, C. A new Melissodes 373

Origin of Oligotropy of bees (>7

ROHWER, S. A. The Nearctic species of the Hymenop- terous genus Synipha 168

ROWLEY, R. R. & BERRY, L. 1913 as a Catocala year. . . .157

SCHMALTZ, R. Mantis rcligiosa in Rochester, New York,

in 1913 178

SCHROERS, P. A. Preliminary list of Heterocera captured

in and around St. Louis, Mo 59

SIMMS, H. M. Huptoieta claudia at Montreal 109

An aberration of Pyrameis huntera 33

SKINNER, H. Ambuly.r strigilis in Florida 229

Callosamia Promethea and angulifera 468

Colias eurytheme and its varieties 325

Minutes of the American Entomological Society. (See

under General Subjects.)

Minutes of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. (See under Gen- eral Subjects.)

A note on Argymris lanrcnti 324

Notes on Lycaena .rcrces, antiacis, polyp/taints 326

Obituary : Dr. J. Rrackenridge Clemens _>8< i

Obituary : H. H. Lyman 335

On writing history i J< i

Parasites of the San Jose Scale 31)

Review : Legros's Fabre, Poet of Science 81

viii INDEX.

Review: Oberthur's £tudes Lepidopterologie Coin-

paree 47, 379

Review : Patton & Cragg's Text-book of Medical Ento- mology 333

Review : Pierce's The Genitalia of the Geometridae of

the British Islands 476

Sanitation in Vera Cruz, Mexico 417

(See also E. M. Swainson.) SWAINSON, E. M. & H. SKINNER. The larva of Papilio

homeriis 348

DE LA TORRE BUENO, J. R. The collection of the late G. W.

Kirkaldy 418

British Guiana Heteroptera 257

European Heteroptera alleged to occur in the U. S. . . .230 TOWNSEND, C. H. T. Human case of Verruga directly

traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum 40

Sequelae of human verruga case traceable to Phleboto- mus verrucarum 131

Species limits in the genus Lucilia in

The species-status and the species-concept 9

VAN DUZEE, M. C. New species of North American Do-

lichopodidae 404, 433

VESTAL, A. G. Notes on habitats of grasshoppers at Doug- las Lake, Mich 105

WEISS, H. B. Insects found on Nursery stock imported

into New Jersey during 1913 392

Some facts about the egg nest of Paratenodera sinensis.2^ WILLIAMS, F. X. & H. B. HUNGERFORD. Notes on Coleop-

tera from Western Kansas I

WILLIAMS, R. C. One hundred butterflies from the Jamez

Mountains, New Mexico 263

WILLIAMSON, E. B. Dragonflies collected in Texas and

Oklahoma 411, 444

Gomphus pallid us and two new related species 49

September dragonflies about Mesa, Arizona 225

Sympetrum obtrusum and costiferum in Maine 456

WILSON, H. F. A new sugar cane aphis 298

ZIMMER, J. T. Cimc.v pipistrclli in North America 418

INDEX.

IX

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (see Ento- mological Section).

Aids to Scientific Work 372

American Association for the Advancement of Science and Affiliated Societies, Papers presented at the Atlanta Meeting 92

American Entomological So- ciety, Minutes 188, 427

Bibliographical Dictionary of Entomologists 227, 325

Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh, Entom. Additions to 460

Comstock Memorial Library Fund 321

Convocation Week Meetings 92

Discrimination against black 407

Disease in the Army in Mexi- co, Prevention of Insect- borne 283

Economic Entomologists, An- nual Meeting, American

Association of 470

Editorials, 34, 74, 129, 179, 227,

283, 322, 372, 417, 467. Entomological Society of America, Annual Meet- ing 469, 4/0

Entomological Meetings, 467, 469,

470. Entomological Section of the

Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 141, 477 Entomologist's Monthly Mag- azine, Jubilee 325

Errata 480

Ethics of publication 179

Eye-size and habits 479

Fabre, Proposed Monument to 321 Eeldman Collecting Social, 88, 237, 334, 429.

France, Entomological Society

of ........................ 240

Guatemala, Adventure in .... 217

Hagen, Scattered Writings of

Dr. H. A ................. 262

Honorary Fellows of the

London Society .......... 120

Influence of insects on civili-

zation .................... 74

Injecting the tracheae of in-

sects ..................... 468

Insect-borne Diseases in the

Army in Mexico, Preven-

tion of ................... 283

Insects affecting mammals, 193,418 Insects found on Nursery

Stock imported into New

Jersey during 1913 ....... 392

International Congress of En-

tomology, Third .......... 420

Literature, Entomological, 41, 75,

134, 1 80, 231, 284, 329, 373, 421,

472.

Locality labels, Inadequate .. 123 Mammals and Insects ...193, 418 Napthaline and Fleas ........ 130

Number of eggs laid by in-

sects ...................... 296

Oligotropism, Origin of... 67, 314 Pacific Coast Entomological

Society ................... 380

Photographs received ....... 37

Quarter Century of the NEWS 407 Sanitation in V e r a C r u z,

Mexico ................... 417

Side lights on Entomology .. jjij Species-status and Species-

concept ................... 9

Summer work on Lake Erie 231 Theses on Entomology i n

American Universities in-

Thoracic sclerites of winged insects (pi. Ill) .......... 15

INDEX.

Verruga traceable to Phle-

botomus 40, 131

What is a Species 322

Zoological Nomenclature, In- ternational Commission on 371

OBITUARY NOTICES.

Chun> C 335

Clemens, J. B. (illus.) 289

Desbrochers des Loges, J. . . . 48

Fuchs, C 384

Gill, T. N 432

Grossbeck, J. A 288

Hammar, A. G 240

Huber, J 288

Lyman, H. H 335

Moeser, F. E 335

Olivier, E 240

Pagenstecher, A 144

Peckham, G. W. (illus.) .. .96, 145

Popenoe, E. A 240

Reuter, O. M 48

Rivers, J. J I43

Saunders, W 4go

Welles, C S ',',', IQ2

PERSONALS.

Barber, H. S 292

Comstock, J. H 321

Cresson, E. T igO, 201

Cresson, G. B 201

Dolley, W. L "'.'.', 4ig

Essig, E. 0 349

Fracker, S. B 4:9

Glaser, R. W 419

Handlirsch, A 371

Melander, A. L 419

Patten, B. M 419

Quayle, H. J 292

Reuter, O. M 65

Schulze, G 371

Semenoff Tian-Shanski, A. P. 120

Skinner, H no

Smith, L. W 419

Smith, R. G 419

Townsend, C. H. T 349

Wallace, A. R 34, 65

Wenzel, H. W 29

PLANTS ATTACKED OR VISITED.

Plants affected by Insects ...392

Acacia 399

Alligator pear 37

Asplenium 311

Aster 104, 117

Bidens 319

Bigelovia 301, 307, 320

Boltonia 69

Camptosorus 311

Cassia 73

Chimarrhis 349

Clementsia 466

Cleome 3*9

Cnicus 69

Coffee-tree (see Gymnocladus)

Coreopsis 69

Croton 158

Dandelion (see Taraxacum)

Datura 152

Dirca 115

Elymus 115

Erigeron 117

Eryngium 402

Fern (see Camptosorus, Asplen- ium)

Ficus 64

Fig (see Ficus)

Frasera 99

Gall-berry (see Ilex)

Glcditlschia 1 56

Gutierrezia 320

Gymnocladus 156

Hclianthus 69, 153, 319

Heracleum 99

Hibiscus 71, 349

Hickory 430

Honey locust (see Gleditschia).

INDEX.

XI

Ilex 315

Ipomoea 73

Lcpidospartum 3°6

Mahoe (see Hibiscus).

Monarda 319

Moosewood (see Dirca).

Nuttallia 153

Oak (see Quercus).

Oenothera 72

Orpine (see Clemcntsia).

Pansy 365

Pctalostenwn 73

Plum 151

Polemonium 99

Populus 269

Prosopis 319

Pulsatilla 98

Quercus 1 16

Saccharum 298

Salix 73, 319

Smila.v 114

Solidago |99, 319

Sophia 104

Strophostyles 73

Syringium 400

Taraxacum 313

Verbena 72

Verbesina 319

Veratrum 99

Veronia 69

} 'iborquia no

Virginia creeper 104

Wild rye (see Elyinus). Willow (see Salix).

REVIEWS. Adams : Guide to the 'Study

of Animal Ecology 82

Braun : Evolution of the Col- or Pattern in tne Micro- lepidopterous Genus Litho-

colletis 236

Keiffer : Genera Insectorum, Cecidomyiidae 185

Legros : Fabrc, Pud of Sci- ence 81

Oberthiir : Etudes Lepidop- terologie Comparee 47, 379

Patton & Cragg: A Textbook of Medical Entomology... 333

Picado : Les Bromeliacees Epiphytes Considerees comme Milieu Biologique. 87

Pierce: The Genitalia of the Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands 476

Seitz : Macrolepidoptera of the World 138

Shelford : Animal Communi- ties in Temperate America 82

Williston : Water Reptiles of the Past and Present 477

Wytsman : Genera Insectorum 236

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI- BUTION.

Arizona: Col., 432; Hem., no;

Hym., 103; Lep., 28, 300; Odon.,

225. California: Col., 381, 382, 383;

384; Dipt., 383, 457, 458; Hem.,

222; Hym., 154, 382; Lep., 327,

380, 381, 415, 419, 462. Canada: Dipt., 440; Lep., 33, 109. Colorado: Arac., 466; Hem., 269;

Hym., 32, 97, 171. Connecticut : Dipt., 239.

Delaware: Col 432

District of Columbia: Hym., 172. Florida: Dipt., 439; Lep., 229, 477;

Odon., 53, 454; Orth., 189, 191. Georgia : Dipt., 405, 436, 460 ;

Odon., 53. Illinois: Dipt., 310, 459; Odon.,

54-

Indiana: Odon 53

Kansas : Col. i

Xll

INDEX.

Kentucky: Lep., no: Odon.. 54

Labrador: Arac 117

Louisiana : Hem 53. 208

Elaine : Odon 456

Man-land: Col.. 268. 382: Dipt.

I2> - - Hym.. 283: Lep.. 180.

283: Xeu.. 268.

Massachusetts : Odon 54

Michigan : Orth 105

Minnesota : Lep

Missouri: Lep.. 59: Odon... 54

Montana: Lep 477

Nebraska : Hem 418

Newfoundland: Arac 117

Xew Jersey: Col.. Sg. 91. 237. 334

430. 432: Dipt., go. 174. 430. 441.

442. 443: Odon.. 238. Xew Mexico: Col.. 238: Dipt..

173; Hym.. 104. 151: Lep.. 263. Xew York: Dipt.. 128. 311, 434.

435- 437: Orth.. 178. 238.

Ohio: Lep 114

North Carolina : Dipt 404

Oklahoma: Odon. ...54. 411. 444

Oregon : Hym 170

Pennsylvania : Col.. 89. 90, 237.

238, 334- 335- 430. 43i- 43-': Dipt.,

88. 90. 141. 175. 238. 309. 427.

429. 430, 431: Hym.. 432; Lep.,

90, 91. 431. 468: Odon.. 52. 141.

Tennessee : Odon 54. 453

Texas: Col.. 335: Hym.. 169;

Odon.. 54. 411. 444; Orth., 293. Virginia : Col.. 89; Dipt.. 405, 438;

Hym.. 89: Orth., 463.

Washington : Hym 170

Wyoming : Dipt 458

Africa : Xeu 62

Australia : Hym.. 25, 30. 32, 126.

251. 396. 416. 455- 461: Orth.,

296. Central America: Col.. 141. 478;

Dipt.. 31. 244; Hym.. 102; Lep.,

480: Xeu.. 149: Odon.. 348. 428.

478. 479-

East Indies : Arac 385

Jamaica: Hym.. 100: Lep... 34^

Japan : Xeu 297

Porto Rico : Hym 155. 350

South America: Dipt.. 40. 205.

243. 351; Hem.. 257. 307: Hym..

1 19: Mall.. 196.

ARACHNIDA.

Eggs laid by spiders 66

.vM/ijfMJ. i'loborsus 66

Mite gall on Clememsia .... 400

rhodiolac, Eriopliycs 400

Spider swathing mice 230

Spiders, Standards of the

number of eggs laid by . . 66 Swathing of mice by a spider 231-

COLEOPTERA.

Adalia (see bipunctata).

Alligator pear weevil ( see Hci!if>us lauri).

A niblychila cylii'.driformis. Larval burrows and Feed- ing habits (illus.") 4. 5

Antenna-cleaners 141. 142

apicalis, Asphacra 284

Asphacra (see apicalis. iiiar- ginatii. variabilis) .

bipunctata, Adalia 155

.'.'icrus, Chilscsrus - x

Callitiraplia (see siiiiiundcd}.

Chiloconis (see bi:'iilncrns).

cylindriformis, AmblychUa .. 2

Dendroctonus (see i)iontict~>- lae).

Forest insect depredations in the Hetch Hetchy watershed of the Yosemite Xational Park 132

gigantea, Hornia (illus.) .... i

HeilipHS (see lauri).

Hornia (see gigantea).

INDEX.

xin

Horns of Scarabaeidae, Func- tions of .................. 478

lauri, Heilipus .............. 37

marginata, Asphacra ........ 284

monticolae, Dcndroctonus . . 133 Xeplirica (see marginata ( As-

Pachytcles (see scriatoporus t .

Phytophaga. Corrections in .. 284 Post pupal development in

Chilocorus biz'ulnerus ...... 268

Pupal stage of Adalia bi-

puuctata .................. 155

scriatoporus, Pachyteles .... 141

siginoidea, Calligrapha ...... 419

variabilis, Asphaera ......... 284

DIPTERA.

abnormis*, Lectcria (illus)... 211 abortive*, Tipula ............ 358

Acalyptrate D., Xew Xorth American ............. 241. 4-7

Agromyza (setborealis, dubit- ata, fclti, flaronigra, fumi- costa, longispinosa, margin- alis, melampyya. plcuralis, quadrisetosa, xanthophora,

young*)-

Agromyzidae, Notes on Xo.

American ................ 308

am-acomca, Microtipula ...... 362

ambiyuus*, Planinasus (illus.) 246 amcricanus, Systcnus ....404, 443

anyulatiis* , Paraclius (illus.)

436, 443 annulipcs, Erioptera ......... 205

Aphiochaeta (see submani-

cata). uptcrnyync, Tipula .......... 358

aniiillaris, Lectcria .......... 21 1

Asyndetus (see harbcckii\. aterriwa*, Psychoda ......... 128

iiutumnalis*, Psychoda ...... 127

basalis*, Philygria (illus.) ...246

Bibliography of D 104

bispinosa*, Pseudostenophora. 173

borcalis. Aqromyza 311

brnnnea, Syringogaster (il- lus.) 26

Calobata (see nas<

cah'erti*. Philygria <'illu«. i . 247

cainpa*. Tipula (illi:-. >

carbona*, Tetauops

Carphotricha 323

Ccromctopiim* (see mosilloi-

des').

chrysoptera, Erioccra (illus. j . 214 Coelopa (see vanduzc

conspcrsa, Limnophila 213

consularis, Pachyrrhina

cordillerensis, Epiphragma ... 213

crcssoni*, Hydrotaca 172

Culicid pupa out of water . . . 268

curinao*, Tipula (illus/) 360

Diptera at high altitudes .... 295

Ditrieha 323

divaricata*, Taeniaptera 459

Dolichopodidae. Xew species

of 404. 433

dursalis*, Xcurigona (illi:

434- 443

dubitata, Agromyza 313

emarginatus*, Medctcrus (il- lus..) 439- 443

Ephydridae. Xew genera and

species of 241

Epiphragma (see cordillerensis). Erioccra (see chrysoptera, ohausiana, perdecora, sub- lima). Erii>ptcra (see annulipcs).

fclti*, Agromyza 310

flaz-iciliatus*, Gymnoptcrnns

4"4- 443

flaridus*, Molnphihis (illu- flaripes*, Pcloropcodes (illu-.t

437- 443

XIV

INDEX.

fiavonigra, Agromysa 311

Fleas, Napthalene and 130

Forellia 323

frontalis*, Thinophilus . . 406, 443

fumicosta*, Agromysa 310

Castro [>s (see willistoni).

giraulti, Lucilia 1 12

gladiator*, Tipula (illus.) .. 356

glabra, Mallochiclla 309

Gnophomyia (see luctuosa, maestitia, pervicax).

granulosus*, Lytogastcr 249

guarani*, Tipula 357

guatemalensis, Molophilus (il- lus.) 207

Gymnopternus (see flavicilia- tus).

haltcralis, Mallochiella 309

harbeckii*, Asyndctus (illus.)

442, 443

Hibernation of house flies . . 231 Holorusla (see fiavicornis, laevis, orophila, peruviana).

Hoplogaster 323

House flies hibernate? Do... 231 Hungarian National Museum, Neotropical Tipulidae in the

205, 35i

Hydrotaea (see crcssoni). illudens*, Rhabdomastix (il- lus.) 210

in fuse at a, Lucilia 112

kerteszi* Limnophila (illus.) . 212

laevis*, Holorusia (illus.) 353

Lecteria (see abnonnis, armil-

laris).

Leptocera (see subpiligera). Leucostola (see terminalis). Limnophila (see conspcrsa,

kertcszi).

Limosina (see also Leptocera). lobatus*, Medeterus (illus.)

441, 443 longispinosa, Agromyza 310

2°8 128

Lucilia (see giraulti, infus-

cata, morrilli, terraenovac). luctuosa, Gnophomyia ....... 207

Lytogaster (see granulosus,

pallipcs').

^lacromasti.r (see pygmaca). maestitia*, Gnophomyia (il-

lus.) ........ •

Malaria investigations, Tech-

nical assistant in ........

Mallochiella (see glabra, hal-

teralis). marginalis, Agromysa mclam-

pyga ......................

Medeterus (see emarginiitus,

lobatus, inodcstus) . melampyga, Agromyza ...... 31 1

Mcsocyphona (see also Eri-

optcra).

Microtipula (see amazonica). modestus*, Medeterus ...440, 443 Molophilus (see flavidus, gua-

temalensis, Sagittarius, tau-

rus). morrilli, Lucilia ............ II2

mosilloides*, Ccromctopum

(illus.) ........ 242

nasoni*, Calobata ........... 459

nemorosa*, Psilephydra (il-

lus.) ........... '244

Neotropical Tipulidae . . - . 35i Ncurigona (see dorsalis, ni-

gric amis') . New American D ............ 172

nigricornis*, Ncurigona (il-

lus.) ................. 433, 443

Nomenclatorial notes on Tip-

ulidae ................ 275, 323

obliquc-fasciata, Tipula ...... 35§

occulta*, Sigmatomcra (il-

lus.) .................. 209

ohausiana, Erioccra ......... 215

Oplochacta .................. 323

orophila*, Ilolorusia ........ 354

INDEX.

xv

ovatus*, Paraclius (illus.)

436, 443 Pachyrrhina (see consularis) .

pacifica*, Sepedon 457

pallipes*, Lytogaster 248

pallipcs*, Sphaerocera 31

Paracantha 277, 323

Paraclius (see angulatus, ova- tus). Paraspinophora (see pennsyl-

vanica),

Peloropeodes (see flazipcs). Pennsylvania*, Paraspino- phora 175

perdccora*, Eriocera (illus.) 213

peruviana*, Holorusia 355

pervicax*, Gnophomyia (il- lus.) 208

Philygria (see basalis, calvcr-

ti).

Phlebotomus (see verrucar- um).

Phorellia 323

piro*, Tipula (illus.) 360

Planinasus* (see ambiguus).

pleuralis*, Agromyza 311

Pseudostcnophora (see bispin-

osa) .

Psilcphydra (see ncmorosa). Psilopiclla* (see rutila). Psychoda (see atcrrima, au-

tumnalis) . pygmaea*, Macromastix. (il-

tos-) 351

quadrisctosa, Agromyza 310

Rhabdomastix (see illudcns). rutila*, Psilopiella (illus.)

439, 443

Sagittarius*, Molophilus (il- lus.) 207

Sepedon (see pacifica).

Sigmatomcra (see occulta).

Species limits in the genus Lucilia ,in

Sphaerocera (see pallipcs).

Spilographa 323

sublima*, Eriocera (illus.) .. 214 submanicata*, Aphiochaeta . . 175

subpiligcra*, Leptoccra 176

Syringogaster (see brunnea). Systenus (see americanus) . Taeniaptera (see divaricata). taurus*, Molophilus (illus.) . . 206

Tcphritis 277

tcrminalis*, Leucostola . .405, 443

tcrraenovae, Lucilia 112

Tetanops (see carbona). Thinophilus (see frontalis) . Tipula (see abortiva, apter- ogync, campa, curinao, glad- iator, guarani, oblique-fas- ciata, piro).

Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Museum ....205, 351

Trupanca 278

Trypeta 276

Trypetidae, Some nomencla-

torial notes on 275, 323

vanduzeei*, Co do pa 457

verrucarum, Phlebotomus 40, 131

willistoni*, Gastrops 250

xanthophora, Agromyza 310

youngi*, Agromyza 312

HEMIPTERA.

acaciac, Pyranthc 401

Acutalis (see variabilis).

acutula, Cryptoptcra 401

Aphis (see bituberculata) . arcchai'aleta*, Phormophora. 400 Argantc (see incumbcns,

trcmolaris).

Asiphum (see pseudobyrsa). bituberculata*, Aphis (illus). 298

brunnicornis, Ccrcsa 399

cavicornis, Ceresa 399

Ccrcsa (see brunnicornis, cavi- cornis, paupcrata, uru<ntay- cnsis) .

XVI

INDEX.

Cimex (see pipistrelli) .

citricola*, Coccus 222

clavigcra, Cyphonia 399

Coccid infesting citrus trees

in California 222

Coccus (see citricola). Cryptoptcra (see acutula). Cyphonia (see clavigcra). Enchophyllum (see imbelle). Enchcnopa (see monoccros). European Heteroptera in the

U. S 230, 418

gladiatum, Macrohomotoma.. 63

imbelle, Enchophyllum 4°3

incumbens, Argantc 402

Kirkaldy, Collection of the

late G. W 4i8

latilinca, Stictopelta 401

limbata, Stictopelta 401

Macrohomotoma (see gladi- atum, nyasae). Membracidae of Uruguay ... 397

morrilli*, Palaeococcus no

monoceros, Enchcnopa 4°3

New Coccid from Arizona ... no nyasae, Macrohomotoma (il-

'lus.) 63

Palaeococcus (see morrilli).

pauperata, Ccrcsa 399

Phormophora (see arcchaval-

cta). Phyllaphis (see quercifoliae).

pipistrelli, Cimcx 4J8

Plant lice, Two Colorado . . 269

populi, Schizoncura 269

proximo, Smiliorhachis 4°3

pscudobyrsa, Asiphum (illus.) 269 Pyranthe (see acaciae).

quercifoliae*, Phyllaphis 272

San Jose Scale, Parasites of. 39 Smiliorhachis (see proximo). Stictopelta (see latilinca, lim- bata). Sugar cane aphis 298

tremolaris*, Argante ........ 402

uruguaycnsis, Ccresa ........ 399

rariabilis, Acutalis ......... 399

HYMENOPTERA.

abortus*, Torymus ......... 27

Adventure while collecting bees in Guatemala ........ 217

a<iromyzac*, Sympha ........ 171

Anagrus (see spiritus).

An ant story ................ I29

Ant eon (see coriaccus, giraul-

ti, parvulus, rufiscapus). astcris*, Melissodcs ......... 373

aurcus*, Plastogryon ........ 256

australicum* , Sparaison ..... 255

Baconcura (see giraulti) . Baryconus (see c.rscrtus, fas-

ciatus, fuscus, simplex). belfragei, Sympha .......... 169

Bethylid genus Mesilius in

So. America .............. "9

bicolor*, Telcnotnus ........ 251

cadaverosa*, Smicromorpha . . 461 Catolaccus (see thyridoptcry-

gis). Ceratoteleia (see fasciatus,

fuscus). Chalcidoid H. of tlie family

Cleonymidae ..............

Chalcitelloidcs (see niyriscut-

um). Cleonymidae from Australia,

A genus of ..............

coriaccus, Antcon ...........

crassiccps*, Halictus ........

Cremastoscclis (see n'ujripcs). deccptor*, Halictus Dissolcoidcs (see ftaviner-

vus).

divcrsopunctatus*, llaliclits .. 154 doddi*, lllasmus ............ 32

Dryudclla (see millsi). Egg-parasite from the West

Indies .................... 35O

396 251 103

101

INDEX.

xvu

Elasmus (see doddi). Epicaudonia* (see scelestus).

cophilus*, Halictus 153

curyceps*, Halictus 98

e.rscrtus*, Baryconus 254

fasciatus, Baryconus (Cerato-

telcia) 254

fiavincri'us* , Dissolcoides 253

flavipcs, Mcgastigmus 27

flatus*, Phanurus 350

flaws*, Spilomegastigmus . . 25 fuscus, Baryconus (Cerato-

telcia) 253

giraulti*, Ante on 251

giraulti, Baconcura 255

Halictus (see crassiccps, dc-

ceptor, divcrsopunctatus,

cophilus, curyceps, jamai-

cae, microlcpoidcs, pallidel-

lus, pcrparvus, proatigularis,

zophops).

Honey-bees discri m i n a t e

against black 407

jamaicae*, Halictus 100

lucida*, Sympha 169

mariac, Smicra 167, 283, 429

Megastigmid from Queens- land 25

Megastigmus (see fiavipcs). Melissodcs (see asteris). Mcsitius (see neotropicus).

microlepoides*, Halictus 152

inillsi*, Dryudella 32

mirabilis*, Miramblyaspis 456

Miramblyaspis* (see mirabil- is).

ncotropicus*, Mcsitius 119

New American bees of the

genus Halictus 97, 151

niger*, Plastogryon 257

nigriceps, Opisthacantha 255

nigricornis*, Sympha 170

nigripcs*, Crcmastoscelis .... 256

nigriscutum*, Chalcitelloides. . 30

oenone*, Telcnomus 252

oeta*, Telcnomus 252

Oligotropy of bees 67, 314

Opisthacantha (see nigri- ceps}.

otho*, Tclenomus 252

pallidellus*, Halictus 151

Parasites of eggs of Thyri-

dopteryx ephemerae formis.. 167 Parasites of the San Jose

Scale 39

Paridris (see rufiventris) .

parvulus, Anteon 251

perniciosi, Prospaltclla 39

pcrparvus*, Halictus 102

Phanurus (see flavus).

plaints*, Platytclenomus 126

Plastogryon (see aureus, nig-

cr).

Platygasterid genus with re- markable antennae 455

Platygasteridae, A new genus

of 416

Platytelenomus (see planus).

portlandica*, Sympha 170

proangularis*, Halictus 155

Proctotrypid genus from Aus- tralia, A new 126

Proctotrypoid egg parasite . . 350 Proctotrypoidea from Aus- tralia 251

Proctotrypoids with wings

folded upon emergence 180

Prospaltclla (see perniciosi). Remarkable antennae of a

new platygasterid genus . . 455 Remarkable hymenopterous genus Smicromorpha, New

species of 461

rufiscapus, Anteon 251

rufiz'cntris*, Paridris 253

scelestus*, Epicaudonia 396

XV111

INDEX.

scutellaris*, Trichacoidcs . . . 416

sericea, Sympha 171

simplex*, Baryconus 254

5 'micro (see mariae).

Smicromorpha (see cadaver- osa).

Sparaison (see australicum) .

Spilomegastigmus (see nav- us).

spiritus, Anagrus 39

Sympha (see agromyzae, bcl- fragei, lucida, nigricornis, portlandica, scricea).

Telcnomus (see bicolor, oen- one, oeta, otlw).

thyridopterygis, Catolaccus . . 167

Torymus (see abortus).

Trichacoides* (see scutellar- is).

sophops*, Halictus 97

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abundance of Pyrameis car-

dui 4iS

Acrocercops (see strigosa). Acrolcpia (see incertella). Adelocephala (see bisecta).

aholibah, Catocala 164

Ambulyx (see strigilis) .

angulifcra, Callosamia 468

antiacis, Lycaena 326

Argynnis (see kriemhild, laur-

enti) . Argyresthia (see media).

ariadne, Collas 325

Attacus (see cecropia).

australis, Calcphelis 306

autumnalis, Colias 325

bachmanni, Libythea 305

bisecta, Adelocephala (illus.) 156 Calephelis (see australis).

calif orniana, Colias 325

calif arnica, Synchloe 303

Callosamia (see angulifera, promethea).

cardui, Pyrameis 415

Caring for specimens of but- terflies on extended collect- ing trips 202

Catocala in 1913 157

Catocala (see aholibah, resi- dua, verecunda).

cccropia, Attacus 148

Chrysophanids, Monograph of

the 299

claudia, Euptoicta 109

Colias (see ariadne, autumnal- is, calif orniana, eriphyle, curytheme, flava, fla-ues- cens, hageni, intermedia, keewaydin, philodice). Collecting in Mojave Co.,

Arizona 300

dircclla*, Lcucanthiza 115

dispaceus, Heliothis 327

dorsimaculella, Heribeia .... 114 Early stages of Catocala .... 164 Eggs of Thyridopteryx ephem- eraeformis supposed to be

diseased 167

Elacliista (see praematurella). llpargyreus (see tityrus). ephemerae 'formis, Thyridop- teryx 167

eriphyle, Colias 325

Euptoieta (see claudia).

curytheme, Colias 325

faunus, Grapta 266

flava, Colias 325

navescens, Colias 325

florencia*, Lycaena 28

Forest fire. Cocoons surviv- ing 148

garita, Thymelicus 266

gloriosa, Schinia 38

Gracilaria (see pcnns\li'anicl-

la). Grapta (see faunus).

hageni, Colias 325

halcsus, Thccla 306

INDEX.

XIX

Heliothis (see dispaceus). Heribeia (see dorsimaculella,

incertella) .

homerus, Papilio 348

huntcra, Pyrameis 33

immaculatus*, Pamphila .... 267 incertella, Acrolepia (Heri- beia) 114

Individual variation of Li-

menitis lorquinii 462

Insectivorous larva 327

intermedia, Colias 325

iole, Nathalis 308

kecwaydin, Colias 325

kricmhild, Argynnis 324

laurenti, Argynnis 323

Icda, Thecla 307

Lemonias (see mormo, pal-

meri) .

Leucanthiza (see dircella). Libythea (see bachmanni). Limenitis (see lorquinii').

lorquinii, Limenitis 462

Lorquin's admiral, Variation

of 462

Lycaena (see antiacis, noren-

cia, polyphemus, xerces).

margarita, Pamphila 267

media*, Argyresthia 113

Melitaea (see neumoegeni,

sinefascia) .

mormo, Lemonias 300

Nathalis (see iole).

neumoegeni, Melitaea 302

palmeri, Lemonias 306

Pamphila (see immaculatus,

margarita, vestris, wood-

gatei).

Papilio (see homerus). Parcctopa (see pennsylvaniel-

la).

pennsylvaniella, Parectopa

(Gracilaria) 117

persius, Thanaos 268

philodice, Colias 141, 325

Pieris (see rapae).

polyphemus, Lycaena 326

pracmaturella, Elachista 114

promethca, Callosamia ..180, 468 Pyrameis (see cardui, hun- ter a).

rapae, Pieris 189

rcgia, Schinia 38

residua, Catocala 166

sanguinea, Schinia 38

Satyrus (see silvestris). Schinia (see gloriosa, regia, sanguinea).

silvestris, Satyrus 266

sinefascia*, Melitaea fulvia . . 265

strigilis, Ambulyx 229

strigosa*, Acrocercops 116

Synchloe (see calif arnica) . Thanaos (see persius). Thecla (see leda). Thymelicus (see garita). Thyridapteryx (see ephem- erae formis).

Tineina, Notes on No. Am- erican 113

tityrus, Epargyreus 283

verecunda, Catocala faustina. 165

vestris, Pamphila 267

woodgatei*, Pamphila 266

xerces, Lycaena 326

MALLOPHAGA.

alpinus*, Gyropus (illus.) . . . 196

brciiccps, Trichodcctes 201

echinodcrma, Trimenopon . . . 195 Gyropus (see alpinus).

jenningsi, Menopon 195

Mallophaga of the Vizcacha . 193 parumpilosus, Trichodectes . . 201 Philandcsia* (see townsendi). townscndi*, Philandesia (il- lus.) 199

Trichodectes (see breviceps,

parumpilosus).

Trimenopon (see echino- derma, jenningsi) .

INDEX.

MYRIOPODA.

barbouri*, Otostigmus (illus.) 386 brcvilabiatus, Orphnaeus .... 39! Chilopods from the East In- dies 385

cribrifcr, Ethmostigmus 389

dehaani, Scolopcndra subspin-

ipes 390

Ethmostigmus (see rubripes, cribrifer) .

gracillima, Scolopendra 390

immarginata, Trematophychus 389 indiae*, T'rachycormocephallus

(illus.) 390

longipes, Trematophychus . . . 389 malayanus*, Otostigmus (il- lus.) 387

Mecistocephalus (see puncti-

frons).

melanostomuSj Otocryptops. . 385 moluccanus* Otostigmus (il- lus.) 388

morsitans, Scolopendra 389

nemorensis, Otostigmus 386

Orphnaeus (see brcvilabiatus}. Otocryptops (see melanosto-

mus).

Otostigmus (see barbouri, malayanus, moluccanus, ne- morensis, punctivcnter) . punctifrons, Mecistocephalus. 391

punctiventer, Otostigmus 385

rubripes, Ethmostigmus 389

Scolopendra (see dehaani, gra- cillima, morsitans, subspin- ipes).

subspinipes, Scolopcndra .... 390 Trachycormocephalus (see in- diae}.

Trematophychus (see immar- ginata, longipes).

NEDROPTERA (excl. Mallophaga and Odonata).

Ant lion without food 268

calverti*, Leucochrysa 150

Chrysopa (see effusa), Coloboptcrus (see trivialis), Dilar (see nohirae).

effusa, Chrysopa 150

Leucochrysa (see calverti).

nohirae*, Dilar 297

trivialis, Coloboptcrus 149

ODONATA.

aaroni, Neoneura 446

agrioides, Argia /|/|/i

alloptcruni, Anisagrion 478

Anisagrion (see allopterum).

annulata, Macromia 449

Argia (see agrioides). Argia, Distribution of Texan

species 444

berenice, Erythrodiplax 451

Brachymesia (see gravida).

Color changes with age 478

consanguis, Gomphus (illus.) 447

cophysa, Tramea 453

costifcrum, Sympetrum 456

Dimorphism in Odonata, Pos- sible male 337

Dragon flies collected in Tex- as and Oklahoma 411, 444

Erythrodipla.i' (see berenice). Gomphine exuvia from Tex- as 454

Gomphus (see consanguis, graslincllus, pallidus, subap- icalis, submedianus, villo- sipes) .

graslincllus, Gomphus 447

gravida, Brachymesia 452

incesta, Libcllula 450

inopinata, Thaumatoneura (il- lus.) 338, 346

Lcpthcmis (see vesiculosa). Libellula (see incesta, vibrans). Macromia (see annulata). Neoneura (see aaroni).

obtrusum, Sympetrum 456

onusta, Tramea 454

pallidus, Gomphus (illus.) .. 49

INDEX.

xxi

pcllucida, Thaumatoneura (\\-

lus.) 338, 345

Perithemis (see tenera).

saturata, Libellula 226

September dragonflies about

Mesa, Arizona 225

subapicalis*, Gomphus (illus.) 54 submedianus*, Gomphus (il- lus) 54

Sympetrum (see costiferum, obtrusum).

tenera, Perithemis 45°

Thaumatoneura (see inopln-

ata, pellucida).

Tramea (see cophysa, onus- ta).

yesiculosa, Lepthemis 452

I'ibrans, Libellula 450

villosipes, Gomphus (illus.) . 52 Waterfall dwellers 337

ORTHOPTERA.

abbreviatus, Sclerotettix 328

acgyptiaca, Blatta 121

allardi, Xiphidion 464

Amblycorypha (see oblongl-

folia, rotundifolia, uhleri). angustipennis, Melanoplus . . . 108

apicale, Apteropedon 328

Apteropedon* (see apicale). Arphia (see pseudonietana).

atlanis, Melanoplus 107

australasiae, Periplaneta 296

bivittatus, Melanoplus 108

Blatta (see aegyptiaca, drur-

yi).

bolli, Spharagemon 106

Camnula (see pellucida).

Carolina, Dissosteira 106

Chloealtis (see conspersa). Circotettix (see verruculatus). circumvagans, Wattenwyliella 217 Conocephalus (see e.riliscan-

ornus, robustus). conspersa, Chloealtis 105

curtipennis, Stenobothrus . . . 105 differ entialis, Melanoplus . . . 108 Dissosteira (see Carolina).

druryi, Blatta 121

Egg nest of Paratenodera sin-

cnsis 279

Eutettigidea* 328

excclsa*, Pterophylla (illus.). 293 cxiliscanornus, Conocephalus. 463

fasciatum, Xiphidion 464

fasciatus, Melanoplus 107

jcmur-rubrum, Melanoplus . . 108

furcata, Scudderia 466

Gladiotetlix (see hancocki, turgidus, unicristata) .

Habits of grasshoppers 105

Halmatcttix 328

hancocki, Gladiotettix 328

Hippiscus (see tubcrculatus).

infuscatus, Sclerotcttix 328

islandicus, Melanoplus 107

Katydid from Western Texas 293

laevigata, Nauphoeta 216

laevigata, Nyctibora 123

Laying eggs, A locustid 321

limbata, Nyctiborn 121

Liotettix 328

Locust stridulations 463

Lophotettix 328

luridus, Melanoplus 108

Mantis (see religiosa).

iiinnnorata, Scirtetica 107

Melanoplus (see angustipen- nis, atlanis, bivittatus, differ- entialis, fasciatus, femur- rubrum, islandicus, luridus, minor).

Microcentrum (see rhombifo- lium).

minor, Melanoplus 108

minor, Sclcrotetti.v 328

molossum, Orcheliinum 464

HC morale, Xiphidion 464

Nyctibora (see laevigata, lim- bata, scricea).

XXII

INDEX.

Nymphal pronotum, Reten- tion of 143

oblongifolia, Amblycorypha. . 465 Orchelimum (see molossum, vulgar e).

pallida, Wattenwyliella 216

Paratcnodera (see sinensis).

pellucida, Camnula 106

Periplaneta (see australasiae) .

Phoetalia of authors 216

Podisma (see variegata}.

Protettlx 328

pscudoniciana, Arphia 106

Ptcrophylla (see excelsa).

religiosa, Mantis 178

rhombifolium, Micro centrum. 465

robustus, Conocephalus 463

rotundifolia, Amblycorypha. . . 466

Rytinatettix 328

Scirtetica (see marmorata) . Sclerotettix* (see abbreviatus,

infuscatus, minor). Scuddcria (see furcata, tex- ensis)*

sericea, Vyctibora 123

sinensis, Paratcnodera 279

Spharagemon (see bolli). Stenobothrus (see curtipen- nis).

strictum, Xiphidion 463

Stridulation of locusts ...... 463

Tetriginae, Some corrections

in names of 328

texensis, Scudderia 466

Trap for 0 479

tubcrculatus, Hippiscus 106

turgidus, Gladiotettix 328

uhlcri, Amblycorypha 466

unicristata, Gladiotettix 328

variegata, Podisma glacialis . . 107 verruculatus, Circotettix .... 107

vulgare, Orchelimum 464

Wattenwyliella (see pallida,.

circumvagans) .

Xiphidion (see allardi, fascia- turn, nemorale, strictum)*

JANUARY, 1914.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXV. No. 1

J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867.

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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV.

Plate I.

10 11

COLEOPTERA FROM KANSAS-WILLIAMS AND HUNGERFORD.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXV.

JANUARY, 1914.

No. i.

CONTENTS:

Williams and Hungerford— Notes on Coleoptera from Western Kansas.. i

Townsend — The Species-status and the Species-concept 9

Crampton — Notes on the Thoracic Scle- rites of Winged Insects 15

Girault — A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia ( Hym., Chal- cidoidea ) 25

Cresson — The Male of Syringogaster brunnea Cresson, from Peru ( Dipt.) 26

Crosby — The Identity of Two Insects, each Described by Ashmead as Me- gastigmus flavipes ( Hym. ) 27

Clemence — A new Lycaena from Arizona ( Lep. ) 28

Wenzel — Change of address 29

Girault — A new Chalcidid Genus and Species of Hymenoptera from Aus- tralia '. 30

Malloch— A new Borborid (Diptera) from Panama 31

Girault— The Twentieth Australian Spe- cies of Elasmus (Hym., Chalcidoi- dea ) 32

Cockerell— A new Wasp from Colorado

(Hym.) 32

Simms — An Aberration of Pyrameis

huntera (Lep.) 33

Editorial— Alfred Russel Wallace) 34

Marlatt— The Alligator Pear Weevil

(Col ). — A correction 37

Acknowledgment of Photographs Re- ceived 37

E. T. C., Jr.— "Daddy-long-legs"? 38

Cockerell — Schinia gloriosa Strecker

( Lep ) 38

Fernald — Parasites of the San Jose

Scale (Hym.) 39

Townsend — Human Case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus

yerrucarum ( Dipt. ) 40

Notice to Authors 41

Entomological Literature 41

Review of Oberthur's Etudes Lepidop-

terologie Comparee 47

Obituary— Jules Desbrochers des Loges 48 Obituary— Odo Morannal Reuter 48

Notes on Coleoptera from Western Kansas.

By F. X. WILLIAMS, Bussey Institution, Harvard University, and H. B. HUNGERFORD, Kansas University.

(Plates I and II.)

FAM. MELOIDAE.

Hornia gigantea Wellman, Ent. News — Vol. XXII, page 15, 1911. The above named and recently described species of Meloid beetle* was taken in the egg, triungulin, pupal and adult stages from the cells of the cliff-bee, Anthophora occidentalis, the habits of which are discussed in a previous paper (Ent. News, XXIII, June 1912). This beetle was first taken from a colony of bees in Gove County. The colony was located in the sides and roof of a water-made cave. It had once been a large one, but this parasite had nearly depleted it.

*Contrary to Dr. Wellman's statement, this beetle has the claws armed with a distinct basal spine (Fig. 10, PI. II). Whether this character would throw it out of the genus Hornia, is not a matter for us to decide.

2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

At the date they were taken (June 20, 1910,) the beetles were just coming to maturity. Some were in the pupa stage but most were adults, still in the Anthophora cells.

On the scopa of some of these bees taken in Gove County, were found triungulins, possibly of this species, eight being taken on the leg of one bee. (See PI. I, Fig. 7). They were found associated with this bee also in Greeley, Sheridan, Rush and Logan Counties.

In Rush County, June 25, 1912, Mr. Isely, one of the En- tomological Survey party, in digging out Anthophora nests, discovered a number of eggs, recently hatched triungulins and an adult female, in the cells of one colony. (See PI. I, Figs, i and 2).

Some of these triungulins succeed in attaching themselves to bees and are thus often transported to new cells, where the life history may be completed by feeding upon the stores of this bee. The life-history is, no doubt, much the same as that of the related Sitaris humeralis of Europe, which has been studied by Fabre.

ClCINDELIDAE. Amblychila cylindriformis Say.

According to the summer's observations of 1910, A. cylindri- formis adults were rare in western Kansas. They were found in three counties : Gove, Wallace and Greeley. In the succeed- ing summer's survey to southwestern Kansas, they occurred in Grant, Morton, Meade and Stanton Counties.

On June 17, one adult was taken at 5 P. M. under a strip of canvas that lay on the ground by a tree. The beetle attempted to escape into a hole beneath the roots of the tree. No more adults were seen (though search was often made for them), until Wallace County was reached. Here, after a day of fruit- less search in holes of all kinds in the clay banks of the Smoky Hill river, where Amblychila larvae were said to be found, a small clay break near the top of a hill 300 yards from the river yielded the object of the hunt. This locality was visited at 5 P. M. and two Amblychila found crawling about over the ground. One was taken near a hole one-half inch in diameter, and the other near an old badger hole. Both tried to escape

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3

and moved quite rapidly. The sky was darkened by threatening weather, and this may account for their early appearance. At subsequent times they were taken between the hours of 6.30 and 7.30 P. M., save one which was dug from a badger hole in the day time by one of the party.

Other adults taken and not mentioned above were found along a cliff-like bank of the White Woman Creek, in Greeley County.

While the adults were taken along the clay banks and breaks, the elytra were commonly found on the plains some distance from any banks.

The adult begins to search for food at sunset. One was taken Aug. 17, 1910, and lived in captivity until Aug., 1911. Careful notes were made on this insect's habits. It was kept in an iron bucket in the Entomological Department Rooms. It was first placed in an earthen crock, in which had been poured a few inches of sand, but it was three weeks before it exca- vated a burrow. This was on Oct. ist. It closed its burrow to come out a week later, probably owing to the dry condition of the soil. The latter being watered, the beetle drank eagerly, its open jaws being pressed against the earth. It then buried itself again. If the ground was allowed to remain dry for any length of time, Amblychila would eventually be found at the surface. On such occasions it drank and ate normally and even eagerly, but at times went without taking food for a long while.

Upon being placed outside the window on a cold day in win- ter, the beetle became torpid but soon became active when brought into the warm room.

Concerning its feeding habits ; it seems apparent that owing to its poor sight and lack of agility, it sometimes endures prolonged fasts. It seems to rely more for guidance upon its antennae than upon its eyes. When fed from a pair of forceps it would usually take the insect in a gingerly, hesitating manner, at other times made a frantic effort to locate and secure an in- sect which had escaped its powerful jaws. Several wasps of the genera Polistes and Pelopoeus were offered it. It did not appreciate such morsels, however, and usually avoided them. When hard pressed by an undesirable insect (held with a pair

4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

of forceps) it would turn on its back and fight furiously. A pentatomid bug which it once seized in its jaws caused the beetle considerable inconvenience, inasmuch as for a long time thereafter it attempted to rid itself of the evil odor of the bug, and remained with its mandibles deeply inserted in the soil.

A stone being placed on its domain it made a hole beneath it and came to sally forth with some confidence when aroused.

LOCATION OF LARVAL BURROWS OF A. CYLINDRIFORMIS Say.

The larvae of this species greatly resemble in structure and general habits other larval forms of the family Cicindelidae. Their burrows were found widely distributed in western Kan- sas, and were rather numerous in Wallace, Wichita and Mor- ton Counties.

They usually occurred in colonies of from two to eleven, the individual burrows being close together, often not more than one and one-half inches apart. Usually a colony can be cir- cumscribed by a ten inch radius.

We found .in general two sizes of burrows, one small and containing larvae not over one-half inch long, and the other containing larvae about two inches long. One small burrow which we excavated was about four inches deep and had a diameter of one-sixteenth of an inch. The larger ones were a little less than one-half inch in diameter and about thirty inches deep. The rim was slightly elevated above the surface or sur- rounding level, and the entrance perfectly circular. The bur- rows have quite a characteristic way of going nearly straight down for about eighteen inches and then, turning to an angle of forty-five degrees downward, proceed about eighteen inches farther. This lower portion has a tendency to be feebly spiral. (See PI. II, Fig. 16). The burrow for the last eight or ten inches is quite noticeably enlarged, especially laterally, and the extreme end is invariably tightly packed with the remains of former repasts. (See PI. II, Fig. 14).

The holes are generally located On the brow of a cliff, but one colony, figured in PI. II, Fig. 12, was found in muddy silt at the foot of a cliff-like bank, well below the recent flood level of the stream. Still others occurred on the high plain some

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5

half a mile back from the bluffs. Two or three were found that had their openings in the face of the cliff. These sloped back and did not conform to the normal burrow. It was often noted that these larval colonies were situated near some larger hole, as that of the field mouse or badger.

FEEDING HABITS OF AMBLYCHILA LARVAE.

Careful observations were made in Wallace County in early Aug. of the habits of a colony of six larvae, and upon two, singly located, but conveniently near. The colony of six is figured in PL II, Fig. 13. One of the other solitary ones is shown in PI. II, Fig. 14. The larval holes were on a level spot on the top of a twenty-foot cliff of sandy clay and a few feet from its brink. The said cliff defined the river bed and was at that time 300 feet from the flowing stream and extended for some distance along its side.

Observations were begun August gth, shortly before sun- down. The colony was roughly sketched and each hole num- bered. When we arrived no larvae were at the surface, but at about dusk, cautiously, one by one, the brown "traps" were set, only to drop out of sight at the first disturbance.

One came near the top and, by taking a half turn, the mandibles scraped dust down upon the "trap" which made it more deceptive than ever.

A lantern was lighted and placed within a foot of the colony, but seemed not to disturb it. A beetle of the genus Trox was placed over the hole of No. 4. It was seized and dragged part- ly out of sight but as promptly brought up, lifted from the ground, and by a flip of the head, cast clear of the hole and the trap again set. A mantid (Litaneutria) was offered and seized by this same larva. This was at 7.41 P. M..

Number 2 took a moth offered from the forceps. Number 5 accepted a fly. Number 3, the largest of all the colony, was located in a hole, the mouth of which was one-half inch above the surrounding ground and close against the roots of a grass- clump. This larva greedily took a beetle of the genus Lach- nosterne. The last one in the colony fairly jumped at an ant- lion adult offered it and drew it into its burrow with lightning

6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

speed. None of the larvae returned to the surface after being fed.

Earlier the following evening the colony was again visited. The bank was searched for adults without success. The first larva appeared at or near its entrance at 6.35 P. M. The sky was one-half cloudy, wind from the south. This larva was one of the solitary ones and numbered 7. Number 6 was up at 6.39. Numbers i and 2 were up at 7.00 P. M. All "traps" were set by 7.03. A moment later a shout sent I, 3 and 6 down. Number 7 seemed wild and more easily disturbed than the others; perhaps it, being alone, got more to eat and was less greedy. At 7.20 a Pasimachus (coleopter) was given to number i. A struggle ensued. Twice the beetle managed to back to the surface only to be dragged from view again. Num- ber 2 was offered a Chalybion (wasp) which it took. Buzzing was heard within for some moments later. Number 6 took a Mutillid. Number 4 a Pelopoeus wasp head first. Number 3 took the head from a Cicindela which was too tightly held in the forceps. Number 5 took a Cicindela as it ran over the hole. Number 8 took a pentatomid. This closed the observations for the two evenings.

We noted that the larvae of Amblychila cylindriformis were rather general feeders, the Trox alone being rejected.

The following morning the colony was visited. The body of the Pelo\poeus (legs and wings gone) was found three inches from number 2 and the body of Chalybion two inches from number 2. Number 8 was carefully excavated, a small guide- straw being used. The plan of the burrow is shown in PI. II, Fig. 14. The dimensions are there given.

The colony was also very carefully excavated. Guide- straws were used and the digging done from one side. (See PI. II, Fig. 13), Each larva was placed in a vial bearing the number of the hole and the contents of each hole were placed in a vial similarly numbered.

In all but two holes, number 8, to which was fed the Penta- tomid, and number 5, to which was given the Cicindela, we found the remains or parts of the food given the night before. In number i was found the Pasimachus one and a half inches

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7

below the entrance, head downward and uninjured save that the claws were gone from the fore-tarsi. The larva was in the rear of the burrow and apparently unhurt. In number 2 the wings of the Chalybion were found just in front of the larva. In number 3 was found the frons of Cicindela. In number 4 the wings and legs of Pelapoeus. In number 5 the larva was not in the rear of the burrow but was found discolored and blackened for the first two-thirds of its length and in a stupor, apparently nearly dead. In referring to the notes of the night before, it was found that this one had taken the Cicindela, and it was evident that there had been a battle in which the rapid little tiger- beetle had got beyond the plated armor of the larva in that portion of the burrow where it widens out, and had won the struggle. In number 6 the abdomen of the Mutillid was found.

A table at the end of this paper gives these notes in a con- cise form.

As stated above, the extreme end of the burrow for a dis- tance of two and a half inches was packed with refuse of for- mer repasts. In several cases, as the sides of the burrows were carefully shaved away, there was an opportunity to see the larva naturally situated in its home. It was noted that as the larva grabbed at an object, the head would fly up and back- ward, the wave thus started would hump the back where the sharp prongs of the dorsal side could grasp the walls of the burrow.

Four of the larvae of this colony were placed in holes made for them in cans containing clay and accepted food normally. Three were carried thus through the remaining camping trips and brought safely to the laboratory and placed in vertical holes in sandy soil. About a week later two of the larvae blocked up the mouth of their tunnels so that the location of the latter could not be well determined. The third did not con- ceal its whereabouts but kept its burrow open. The larvae were all dead by Feb., 1911. The stopping up of the holes may perhaps be explained by the hibernating instinct of the larvae.

8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

SUMMARY OF FEEDING HABITS OF AMBLYCHILA CYLINDRIFORMIS.

No.	Date	Time at Surface	Food Offered	Result	Remains of Food at Surface	Remains of Food in Burrow	Other food remains	Condition of Larva
I	Aug. 10	P.M. 7	Pasimachus	Attacked		Alive i/^in. below sur- face, 5 tarsi gone		Normal
2	" 9 " 10	" 7	Moth Chalybion	Taken below 44 44	Chalybion body	Chalybion wings		44
3	" 9 " JO	" 7-03	Lachnosterna Cicindela	Taken below Head taken off		Frons of Cicindela		14
4	" 9 " 10 " 9	" 7-04 " 7-41	Trox Pelopoeus Litaneutria	Taken then expelled Taken below 44 tt	Body of Pelopoeus	Wings and legs of Pelopoeus		44
5	" ,1	" dusk " 7-04	Fly Cicindela	44 44 it u				Badly chewed and dis- colored
6	" 9 10	" 7-04 " 6.39	ant-lion,adult Mutillid	44 44 44 44		Abdomen of Mutillid		Normal
7	" 10	" 6.35						Normal
8	" 10	" 7-04	Pentatomid	44 4 .				Normal

They came to surface to feed at dusk.

They are general insect feeders but they reject distasteful insects.

They may sometimes be overcome by the prey they have captured and sometimes fail to retain prey once caught.

In summer of 1911 the larval forms were found widely distributed in southwestern Kansas but the adults were scarce as ever.

FAM. HETEROCERIDAE, Heterocerus sp.

Along the shores of the Sappa Creek, in Rawlins Co., we took some beetles of this genus which live in peculiar little urn- shaped mud cases. These cases were set in the mud with the necks just showing above the level. A side and top view are shown in PI. II, Fig. 15.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES I AND II. Plate I. All figures enlarged.

Fig. I. Egg of Hornia gigantea showing the enclosed embryo. Fig. 2. Young triungulin of Hornia yiyantea found in the nest of the bee, Anthophora occidentalis.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV.

Plate II.

o

o

COLEOPTERA FROM KANSAS-WILLIAMS AND HUNGERFORD.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9

Fig. 3. Piece of cast larval skin of Hornia gigantea.

Fig. 4. Pupa of Hornia gigantea.

Fig. 5. $ type of Hornia gigantea.

Fig. 6. $ type of Hornia gigantea.

Fig. 7. Triungulin found on leg of the bee, Anthophora occidentals.

Fig. 8. Head of $ cotype of Hornia gigantea.

Fig. 9. Maxillary palpus of $ type of Hornia gigantea.

Fig. IO. Fore tarsal claw of $ type of Hornia gigantea.

Fig. ii. Antenna of $ Hornia gigantea.

Plate II. All figures except Fig. 15 reduced.

Fig. 12. Bird's eye view of a colony of the larvae of Amblychila cylindriformis, on the sloping bank of White Woman Creek, Greeley County, Kansas, August, 1910. The pen- knife placed in the figure for comparison, is y/& inches long. The shaded holes are closed.

Fig. 13. Vertical view of a colony of the larvae of Amblychila cylin- driformis, Wallace County, Kansas, August, 1910.

Fig. 14. Vertical section through a tunnel of the larva of Amblychila cylindriformis, Wallace County, Kansas, August, 1910.

Fig. 15. Dorsal and lateral view of a mud nest of Heterocerus sp.

Fig. 16. Vertical section through a tunnel of the larva of Amblychila cylindriformis, Morton County, Kansas, August, 1911. Photo by Love joy.

The Species-status and the Species-concept.

By CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, Lima, Peru.

The question as to what constitutes a species is as old as the science of biology. Nevertheless it is not yet satisfactorily answered. In the case of certain groups of plants and animals the answer is simple. These groups belong to old stocks that have long since passed through their period of evolutional activity, are- no longer undergoing extensive variation and specialization, and have lost at least in great part the transi- tional forms that arose during the process of their evolution. But when we attempt to define a species in younger groups which are still undergoing extensive evolution, or have but recently reached the climax of multiform development, the answer is not simple. Examples of such groups are furnished by the Muscoidea among insects and by the Compositae among

IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

plants. The difficulty to be overcome in these groups arises from the presence of a large number of the transitional forms and individuals that are always produced during the evolution of stocks. What is to be done in such case? It is clear that what suffices to meet the requirements of the one case will not meet the quite distinct requirements of the other. The species-concept must therefore be modified to such extent as is necessary for adapting it to the requirements of each case.

It has long been held that a species comprises all individuals whose interbreeding will produce fertile offspring. This can not now be accepted. Plants, insects, and even mammals, which the majority of biologists will agree are entitled to spe- cific recognition, possess this power. We have only to recall the plants which have been successfully hybridized within recent years and insect species which have mated and pro- duce fertile progeny. It is quite possible to secure fertile offspring from the union of certain distinct but closely allied species of flies, butterflies and beetles whose' external sexual organs admit of mating. Instances of hybrid insect races are on record. It is not within the limits of this article to cite cases, but the records show it to be practically beyond question that in certain instances the spermatozoa of one species have the power to fertilize the ova of another and produce there- from fertile individuals. Other definitions of species so far given, aside from the above, also fail to apply in young stocks.

The keynote of all biological investigative work is to verify and record faithfully the results of one's investigations. Such results form a sure basis for further investigations. It is certain that all systematists do not yet fully realize the sig- nificance of some of the unchallenged results so far obtained. As a profitable though outre illustration, true nevertheless to living conditions, we may imagine an immense extent of fertile land surface covered with a varied and teeming flora and fauna still more or less in process of evolution and subjected to all the varied combinations of conditions that will support life, We may further imagine for the moment that we are not only intimately acquainted with each of the practically innumerable

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 1

forms and individuals that compose this flora and fauna, but also that we are able to follow out in sequence all the lines of their issue through a period of a few millions of years. What would be the result of our observations in such case? It is certain that we would see many forms drop out, we would see many new ones arise, we would see great variations in some and less variation in others, we would see some persist in nearly their original form ; but most important of all from a taxono- mic and phylogenetic point of view we would witness the pro- duction of hordes and multitudes of transitional individuals and forms that would quite effectually clog any known system of classification, were they assembled with the typical forms in their entirety. At any given time in the production of these transitionals, the living residue would show plainer lines of separation, but specific and other limitations among them would not be amenable to current methods. These conditions are actually exemplified today in certain young stocks inhabiting favored regions. There are stocks of Muscoidea and Com- positae in the Andean montanya whose progenitors have al- most certainly been in that region or an equally favored con- tiguous area for the past two or three millions of years, and their living forms in many instances exemplify the conditions just mentioned. While this region is probably the most highly favored in this respect in the world, it is certain that many other regions exist both in and out of the tropics where similar conditions are exemplified by these and other young stocks. Many muscoid groups exhibit today in various parts of the world so many transitional forms and individuals that we have long been unable conveniently to classify them. Yet we know that these groups have already lost many of the transitional forms, together with immense hosts of transitional individu- als, that arose during their evolution up to the present time. What conclusion can we draw from these facts? Simply that there exist in nature, among groups of young stocks under- going active evolution, no well defined or fixed species limits ; but that there certainly exist aggregations of individuals ob- serving some general specific bounds which suttice to meet the

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

requirements put upon them by varying natural conditions, or failing to meet them perish.

This phase of biologic inquiry can, in a measure, be likened to infinity. In theory infinity is incomprehensible, but we com- prehend parts of it in practice. Theoretically there is almost no limit to the morphologic variety that life may assume, but practically it is limited to such morphology as we know or can base on that which is known. When we come to consider the limits of species we find that in practice as well as theory they have among themselves no natural sequential or genetic limits, and often no residue limits at any given point in their develop- ment, but nevertheless they certainly exist under both condi- tions, however obscured may be their limits. Were we able to restore and gather together all the individuals that have arisen during the evolution of species on this globe up to the present day, we would find few or no places where we could draw natural lines of division between categories of individuals. In practice, however, among the living residue of today, the limits of natural species are such as they make for themselves. It remains for us to find these limits out. The illustrations which I have used may be judged as forced and far-fetched, but they are true to nature and therefore their forcefulness is the more serviceable.

Variation even among existing forms has almost no limits. The number of possible combinations of the characters of organisms, past, present and future, is almost infinity itself. The best that we can do in the present with the great plastic mass of living young forms is to divide it as conveniently as we may, conforming to phylogenetic lines as closely as it is possible to interpret them. It is certain that in highly special- ized and comparatively recent groups we gain simplicity and conciseness as we descend in the taxonomic scale and diminish the scope of our units of treatment. This applies not only to groups but to genera, subgenera, species, subspecies and races. It arises from the contraction of taxonomic values obtaining in such stocks. We need to apply a restricted species-concept in dealing with these forms, as well as employ restricted groups and categories in general.

Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13

It appears possible to define a species as an aggregation of individuals which in the majority of cases breed together under normal conditions and produce fertile offspring. This seems true, but it is incapable of application with immediate final results in the case of young stocks. The chief difficulty lies in determining what are the limits of the normal fertile variants of species in such stocks. Long series of observations must be carried out to establish the normal self-observed limits of such species in nature. This labor must here often follow instead of preceding a working species-concept, because we need names under which to record our results during the carrying out of the necessary investigations. By the normal self-observed lim- its of species in nature is meant their limits in the long run, divested of exceptions and vacillations. It is useless to attempt to solve such problems merely by the study of dead material. The living phases, functions and environment of the material must be studied as well, and that diligently.

Thus it is safe to say that each species will have to be worked out eventually on its own merits and standing. As this cannot be done at once, our working concept must be a tentative one that will apply now for such cases. It must be plastic, but of such nature that it will cause no future confusion or perversion of recorded facts that belong with it. How shall we gain the practicable end of a working species-concept for dealing with the forms exhibited by young stocks? It seems that the best way to do this, because the simplest and most thoroughly guarded against error, is to bestow a name upon every form at all abundant in individuals that can be distinguished as dif- ferent from other forms — every form that we can sense and characterize as a different form, regardless of the presence or absence of transitional individuals, of interbreeding limits, or of other than an approximate constancy of characters — and to consider that form as a tentative restricted species. Such plan will not interfere with the subsequent proper tabulation of forms as subspecies and races, when our knowledge is suffi- ciently complete to warrant it.

Individual-occurrences should not be confused with form-

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

occurrences. Transitional individuals or means of variation occur linking together extremes of variation that seem to have been derived from the same specific stock. The extremes need names if they are abundant enough in individuals to constitute form-occurrences ; so do the means if they are similarly abun- dant and capable of characterization. But isolated transitionals and those of slight differentiation may be recorded by noting their degree of divergence from one or other of the named forms. In this manner exact and concise records are pre- served of each individual form and its variations. Such rec- ords are indispensable in both present and future work. These forms are in many cases potential if not actual species, and all of them need to be recorded now.

The lumping of recognizable forms under one name is a most serious taxonomic offense, unless in each case the precise limits of divergence from the typical form are shown. An immense number of muscoid names has been thrown into the synonymy within recent years, not only in America but also especially in Europe. No doubt some of these belong there, but it is very probable that many might be profitably employed for the recognition of localized and various transitional forms among these highly versatile flies.

The foregoing remarks at least throw some light on what may be termed the species-status in nature, and it is believed that they demonstrate the need of a modified species-concept for application in young stocks. It will be useful to summarize the main points.

SUMMARY.

1. In old stocks, species have normal values and well defined limits, because evolution has become inactive in those stocks and maturity has been attained by the forms.

2. In young stocks, the contraction of taxonomic values due to youth restricts the scope of species, and the presence of many transitionals due to active evolution obscures their limits.

3. Therefore the species-status is not uniform in old and young stocks, and the species-concept must be modified to agree with it.

Vol.XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15

4. Though transitionals obscure limiting lines in dead ma- terial, species exist in young stocks and the actual limits of each are such as it makes for itself by the general interbreed- ing of its constituents under normal conditions.

5. The normal self-observed limits of species in nature among young stocks must be worked out on the merits of each case by the study of living material through all its stages with relation to its environment.

6. As a basis for this work all recognizable forms in young stocks must be described, named and regarded as tentative species until their status is finally determined.

7. All recognizable forms in young stocks demand a name and final place in the taxonomic system down to race rank, and none should be lost sight of by lumping of names.

8. Isolated or aberrant transitionals need no distinctive name, but as a matter of record they should be descriptively differentiated from that form which they most closely approach.

9. It follows that the describing and naming of forms in young stocks should be based on as large series as possible.

Notes on the Thoracic Sclerites of Winged Insects.* By G. C. CRAMPTON, Ph.D.

.(Plate III.)

As used by most anatomists, the term dorsum is applied to the entire upper or dorsal surface of an insect's body ; the en- tire side, or lateral portion of the body is termed the I at us; and the entire lower or ventral surface is termed the venter. To avoid confusion, these terms should be used in this sense alone.

The entire dorsal region of each segment (i. e. the more membranous, as well as the more strongly chitinized portions of the body wall) is termed the tergnm, or not um; the entire lateral region of each segment is termed the plcnron (both flanks being termed the pleura] ; and the entire ventral region

*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachu- setts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.

l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

of each segment is termed the sternum. The sclerites (either distinct plates, or subdivisions of the more strongly chitinized regions marked off by sutures) of the tergum are called ter- gites; those of the pleural region are called lpleurites; and those of the sternal region are termed sternites. Unless confusion is to continue to reign in the terminology applied to the thoracic sclerites we must hold rigidly to the simple and logical usage given above.

From the study of the larval forms of insects, and the more primitive representatives of the order, it would appear that the thoracic sclerites were originally formed as numerous plates formed by depositions of pigment and chitin, due (in all probability) to the stimulus of muscular tension, and to other mechanical stimuli, such as friction. As specialization pro- gresses, there is a marked tendency for these originally dis- tinct plates to unite, or fuse together ; and by the breaking up into parts (derivatives) of the original plates, by the re-com- bination of these parts fusing with other sclerites, and by the formation of secondary sutures (i. e. those not originally pres- ent), the modifications of the original typical or "ground-plan" met with in the different orders of insects, are brought about.

The hypothetical "ground-plan" of thorax shown in Plate III, Fig. 2, is more of a composite, or combination of the pos- sible conditions met with in different winged insects, than an attempted reconstruction of the original condition found in the ancestors of these insects. It nevertheless approaches the original condition, in many respects. The plates which were originally separate and distinct are, for the most part, so rep- resented in the figure. The greater part of the sutures origin- ally present, or those early formed, are designated by heavy lines; while those added as later modifications (i. e. secondary sutures), are indicated by clotted lines. Although the types of thoracic sclerites represented in the following series do not cover all of the conditions met with in winged insects, it is a comparatively simple matter to reduce any of them to some one of the types here represented. The principal sclerites of the ter- gal, pleural and sternal regions may be briefly described as follows :

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I/

TERGITES — There are two principal plates found in the ter- gal region of winged insects. These are the scutoscutellwm, or large anterior plate Scsl (Fig. 2), and the postscutellum, or smaller posterior plate Psl. The scutoscutellum bears the wing, or the wing articulates with its lateral margin. The postscutellum is not connected with the wing in any insects thus far observed. In some insects the scutoscutellum is con- nected with the pleural region by a pre-alar bridge, or con- necting sclerite Pal (Figs. 2 and 5), extending in front of the wing; while the postscutellum is usually connected with the pleural region by a post-alar bridge Plph (Fig. 2), extending behind the wing.

There frequently occur "implexes" (i. e., any in-folding, or in-pocketing of the integument) which serve the double pur- pose of affording better attachment for the muscles, and of strengthening, or rendering more rigid, the sclerites in which they occur. The outward manifestation of such an "implex," or internal fold, is an external groove or suture, formed by the meeting of the external lips of the fold. Naturally, these folds, or plaits, are composed of two plates. These may be so closely applied to each other as to appear as a single plate. Both plates may be equally strongly chitinized, or one may be strongly chitinized and the other membranous.

The transverse "implexes" of the tergal region are termed phragmas, and these occur at the dividing line between two consecutive segments, so that the anterior plate of the phragma may be considered to belong to the segment in front, and the posterior one to the segment behind. If the anterior plate of the two which make the phragma is strongly chitiniz- ed while the other is membranous, the phragma appears to be- long entirely to the segment in front. If the posterior one is strongly chitinized, while the other is membranous, the phragma appears to belong to the segment behind. The an- terior plate of the tergal region (i. e., the scutoscutellum, men- tioned above) may bear a phragma at its anterior margin, or the posterior tergal plate (i. e., the postscutellum) may bear a phragma along its posterior margin.

The anterior tergal plate Scsl (Fig. 2) may be further di-

l8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

vided by sutures (with, or without corresponding internal folds) into a number of subregions, or subdivisions. The foremost of these is a narrow, transverse region, the pre- tergite, Am (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6), lateral to which is the pre- alare, Pal (Figs. 2, 4 and 5). Behind the region Am is the prescittum, Psc (Figs. 2. 4, 5 and 6). Following the prescutum is the scutum, Sc (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). Situated somewhat anteriorly and laterally to the scutum is a narrow sclerite, the supraalare, At (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6), with which the wing veins articulate by means of a small movable, or ar- ticulatory plate, the notopterale, Npt (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). (These articulatory plates by means of which the wing veins articulate with the tergal plate, have been recently termed the pteralia}. Situated in the incision between the sclerites Pal and At, is the tegula, or parapteron, Tg (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The scutum, Sc, may be divided into subregions by the formation of sutures, or even a transverse fissure. The prin- cipal subdivision is the ju.rtascntellum, Jsl (Fig. 2) situated on either side of the scutellum, SI (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The sclerite Jsl is not marked off in the insects figured in the series here given, but occurs in the Diptera and Hymenoptera. An articulatory extension of the scutum, termed the anal pterale. Sept (Fig. 2), becomes detached in the higher insects, and forms one of the pteralia mentioned above. A narrow, poster- ior, marginal sclerite, the poster git e, Pm (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6) is the hindmost of the subdivisions of the tergal plate Scsl. It sometimes occurs as a posteriorly-projecting, fold-like re- gion of this plate. A median dorsal suture (with its corre- sponding internal fold, or "implex") called the mid-dorsal su- ture may partially divide the tergal plate into symmetrical halves.

The posterior tergal plate, or postscutellum Psl (Figs. 2, 4 and 5), is not connected with the wing, but is usually connect- ed with the pleural region in the higher insects, as was men- tioned above. The postscutellum consists of an external re- gion (the "phragmite") and an internal portion, the phragma. The external region of the postscutellum, in some insects is divided into a median region, the "mediophragmite," Mph

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IQ

(Fig. 2), and a lateral portion (one on either side), the pleu- rophragmite, Plph (Fig. 2). These are best seen in the Dip- tera and Odonata. The postscutellar plates Psl (Fig. 6) of the cockroach, doubtless are the representatives of the post- scutellum in other insects.

The various subdivisions of the tergal plates described above, are not met with in all insects, those usually present be- ing the prescutum (Psc), the scutum (Sc), the scutellum (SI), and the postscutellum (Psl).

The small tergal plates, or intertergites, It (Fig. 4) occur- ring in front of the anterior tergal plate in such insects as Corydalis, are doubtless homologous 'with the dorsal cervical sclerites It (Fig. 3) occurring in front of the pronotum of the cockroach and other insects. These will be discussed under the consideration of the intersegmental sclerites.

PLEURITES — Situated immediately below the wing is a sub- alar plate, the subalare, Asa (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). There are sometimes two of these, an anterior and posterior subalare, Asa and Psa (Fig. 5), but only the anterior one is large enough to be of any importance. The principal plate of the pleural region is the eupleurite, composed of the regions Em, Es and Lpl (Figs, i and 2). This was in all probability a single plate originally, but later became divided into a number of sub-regions by the formation of sutures. A more or less oblique infolding of the integument whose external manifesta- tion in the pleural suture g (of all figures) extends from the top of this plate to the bottom of it. Internally, an "implex" or ridge called the pleural ridge, or apodeme, likewise extends from top to bottom on the inner surface of the plate. The re- gion immediately posterior to the pleural suture g, is the epi- m-eron, Em (in all figures). The epimeron may be subdivided into an upper and a lower region Ppl and Hem (Figs. 2 and 4) in such insects as Mantis pa, Chrysopa, etc., but this is of some- what rare occurrence.

The region immediately anterior to the pleural suture g is the episternwm, Es (in all figures). In the mesothorax of the earwig, the formation of a second suture e (Fig. i) marks off the later oplenrite, Lpl, from the remainder of the pleural plate.

2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

A lateral plate of the sternal region, the later osternite, Lst (Fig. r) may become detached from the sternal region and unite with the sclerite Lpl (Fig. i) to form a pre-coxal bridge Lat (Fig. 3) extending in front of the coxa, and connecting the pleural with the sternal region. This pre-coxal bridge may then be divided by a suture b (Fig. 3) into an anterior region, the precoxale, PCX (Fig. r) and a narrow posterior re- gion, the antecoxale, or "antecoxal piece" of recent writers, Acx (Figs. 3 and 6). The precoxal bridge, however, is usually indistinguishably united with the episternum above, and with the sternum below, in the higher insects.

A secondary suture d (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6) marks off an upper region, or anepisternum, Aes, in the dorsal region of the pleural plate, and this small region is usually mistaken for the episternum in such cases, although the episternum always ex- tends from the top to the bottom of the pleural plate. Two small "derivatives" of the region Aes, at the base of the wing, may be more or less completely detached from this region to form the anterior and posterior b as alar e, or basalar plates, Aba and Pba (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6).

The triangular plate termed the trochantin, Tn (Figs, i, 2 and 6) may possibly be a detached sclerite of the pleural plate, although it is regarded by some writers as a detached portion of the coxa. The trochantin may be divided by an oblique suture into an anterior and posterior region as in Fig. 6 (Tn) ; it may be divided into two distinct plates as in Fig. i (Tn) by splitting up obliquely ; or it may split up transversely into two distinct plates as in Fig. 3. The smaller of the two plates is the trochantinelle, Tnl (Fig. 3). The dorsal portion of the trochantin may unite with the pleural plate, and by a continua- tion of the suture b (Fig. 2) a composite region, the pleuro- trochantin, Ptn (Fig. 4) is formed. This is not to be con- sidered as the trochantin alone, as is done by most writers.

There occurs in some insects, a post-coxal sclerite, the post- coxale, Poc (Fig. 2) which may unite with the lower portion of the epimeron and with the sternite Fs to form a post-coxal bridge Poc (Fig. 4) connecting the pleural with the sternal region. There may thus be a pre-coxal and a post-coxal bridge connecting the pleural and sternal regions.

Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21

In front of the pleural plate, there occur, in some insects, a small group of plates, the interpleurites, Ip (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) which will be discussed with the remainder of the interseg- mental plates under the heading intersegmentalia. In addi- tion to these may be mentioned the peritreme, Pt (Figs, i, 2, 4, 5 and 6), which surrounds the spiracle or breathing pore. The spiracle is regarded by many investigators as belonging to the segment behind it.

STERNITES — In such primitive insects as the stoneflies Ca\pnia and Leuctra, there are five distinct sclerites in the ster- nal region, and traces of certain of these sternites are pre- served in some insects, although the most of them disappear in the higher forms, either through fusion with each other, or through a fading out of the pigment and the softening of the chitinous deposits which formed them.

The sternite which is tentatively designated as the fore- most of the principal sternal sclerites, is the prebasisternite. Pbs (Figs. 2, 3 and 5), which is probably a derivative (or de- tached portion) of the large sternite behind it, called the basisternite, Bs (Figs, r, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). The basisternite, as the name implies, forms the lower portion of the sternum in many insects ; its lateral wings Lst, previously described, forming the sternal portion of the flanks. These lateral ex- tensions may become detached to form separate plates, the latero sternites, Lst ( Fig. i ) as in the earwig, or they may re- main connected with the sternum, and unite witjj the pleural plate to form a pre-coxal bridge extending between the pleural and sternal regions. The basisternite may be split up by diagonal fissures, into four sclerites, as in the prothorax of the roach Ectobia (Fig. 3, Bs). The basisternite is retained in practically all insects, and forms the principal sclerite of the sternal region.

Behind the basisternite is the fur cast emit e, Fs (Figs, i, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). As the name implies, it bears the furca, or fork-like apophyses (internal sternal processes). The apophyses may be separated from each other, one on either side of the median ventral line (i. e., diapophyses), or they may approach each other in the median line, and their bases unite,

22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

while their distal extremities remain separated to form the arms of the fork.

Following the furcasternite is the p o st f ur cast emit e, Pfs (Figs. 2 and 5), and behind this is the spinasternite, Ss (Figs.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), so called because it bears the spina, or unpaired median apophysis (monapophysis) . It has not yet been determined whether or not the spinasternite is the foremost or the hindmost of the sternites, but it is here treated as though it were the hindmost.

The internal projections of the sternal region are termed a\pophyses. In order to distinguish the paired from the unpaired apophyses, the terms diapophyses and moncapophysis may be used to designate the two types.

A median ventral fold, the mid-ventral "implex," with its corresponding external suture, frequently partly divides the sternal sclerites into symmetrical halves. It, however, is absent in many insects.

All of the sternites mentioned above are not preserved in the higher insects, the two usually represented being the basister- nite and the furcasternite (called the antecoxal piece by the older writers). The prebasisternite is retained in the pro- thorax of certain lower forms, and two derivatives, or detached portions, of this region occur as narrow transverse plates, the int erst emit es, Is (Figs. 2 and 3), in the prosternum of the ear- wig and roach.

INTERSEGMENTALIA — The term intersegmewtat plates, or intersegmentalia is applied to the small sclerites situated be- tween the segments. These plates, in all probability, belong partly to the segment in front of them, partly to the segment behind them, and are therefore not to be considered as vestiges of reduced segments in the process of becoming lost.

The dorsal intersegmentals are the intertergites, It (Figs.

2, 3 and 4). They occur in front of the mesonotum of Cory- dolls (Fig. 4, It) and in front of the pronotum of the roach (Fig. 3, It). Those in front of the pronotum are called the dorsal cervicals (cervicalia). The dorsal intersegmentals are probably detached plates belonging to the segment in front of them.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23

The lateral intersegmentals are the interpleurites, Ip (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5), and the postcoxale, Poc (Fig. 4) might possibly be likewise included under the designation lateral intersegmen- tals. There are two well developed interpleurites in front of the pleuron of the mesothorax in Corydalis. The posterior one is much the larger, and probably belongs to the segment behind it, while the anterior one may belong to the segment in front. The anterior interpleurite in this insect bears an internal process for muscle attachment. The interpleurites Ip (Fig. 3) in front of the pleuron of the prothorax in the roach, are called the lateral cervicals.

The ventral intersegmentals are the prebasisternite Pbs (Figs. 2, 3 and 5), the intersternites, Is (Figs. 2 and 3), and possibly the spinasternite, S\y (Figs. 2, 3 and 5). The pre- basisternum and intersternites, Pbs and Is (Fig. 3) in front of the prosternum of the roach, earwig, etc., are termed the ventral cervicals. All of these sternites appear to be parts of the segment behind them.

It is thus apparent that the cervical sclerites (cervicalia) are in all probability homologous with the intersegmental sclerites (intersegmentalia) in front of the other thoracic sclerites, and these doubtless belong partly to the segment behind them, partly to the segment in front. It is thus as incorrect to re- gard the cervical sclerites as representing the entire labial seg- ment, as it would be to regard the intersegmental sclerites in front of the metathorax as representing the entire mesothoracic segment; for these intersegmental (and cervical) sclerites be- long partly to the segment behind them, partly to the segment in front, as we have seen.

The region containing the cervical sclerites is the veraccrvi.v, or "cervicum." It would be simpler to designate this region as the cervix, since it is the true neck region, but the term cervix is always applied to the constricted occipital region of the head ; on this account the "manufactured" term "cervicum," or the compound term veracervix is preferable. The function of the neck region is to enable the head to turn more readily.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Jan., '14

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Fig. I. Mesothorax of the earwig Forficula. Fig. 2. "Ground plan" of typical thoracic segment. Fig. 3. Prothorax of roach. Pleural region as in Periplaneta; ster- nal region as in Ectobia. Fig. 4. Mesothorax of Corydalis. Fig. 5. Mesothorax of stonefly. Pleural region as in Perla; sternal

region as in Capnia and Leuctra. Fig. 6. Metathorax of roach. Pleural region as in Ischnoptera

(male) ; sternal region as in mesothorax of Periplaneta. All figures are so oriented that the dorsal region is directed toward the top of the page, and the anterior portion toward the left hand mar- gin, the plate being held sidewise to read the abbreviations. All show lateral views. The coxae are partly cut off in all figures. Black areas denote cavities, or the location of internal processes.

a, Suture betweeen basisternite

(Bs) and laterosternite

(Lst).

Aba, Anterior basalare. A ex, Antecoxale. Acs, Anepisternum. Am, Pretergite. Asa, Anterior subalare. At, Supraalare.

b, Suture between antecoxale

(Acx) and precoxale (Pcx). Bs, Basisternite.

c, Suture betweeen lateroster-

nite (Lst) and lateropleu- rite (Lpl). Cm, Coxamarginale.

d, Suture marking off anepi-

sternum (Acs).

e, Suture between episternum

(Es) and lateropleurite (Lpl).

Em, Epimeron. Es, Episternum. Fs, Furcasternite. g, Pleural suture (between episternum and epime- ron).

h, Suture below subalar scle- rite (Asa).

Hem, Hypoepimeron.

Hpt, Hypopteron.

i, Suture dividing epimeron (Em) into upper and low- er regions.

Ip, Interpleurites.

Is, Intersternites.

It, Intertergites.

Jc, Juxtacoxale.

Jsl, Juxtascutellum.

k, Suture between epimeron (Em) and meron (Me).

I, Meral suture (between me- ron and anterior portion of coxa).

Lot, Laterale.

Lpl, Lateropleurite.

Lst, Laterosternite.

in, Suture between episternum (Es) and trochantin (Tn).

Me, Meron.*

Mph, Mediophragmite.

Npt, Notopterale.

Pal, Prealare.

Pba, Posterior basalare.

* In the Diptera, the term meroplcurite is applied to the meron united with the lower portion of the epimeron.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV.

Plate III.

,.:

<0

- \

-

W]

*

THORACIC SCLERITES OF WINGED INSECTS-CRAMPTON.

Vol. xxv]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Pbs, Prebasisternite.

PCX, Precoxale.

Pfs, Postfurcasternite.

Plph, Pleurophragmite.

Pm, Posttergite.

Poc, Postcoxale.

Ppl, Pteropleurite.

Psa, Posterior subalare.

Psc, Prescutum.

Psl, Postscutellum.

Pt, Peritreme.

The subscripts i, 2 and 3, denote that the sclerite in question belongs to the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax respectively.

Pin, Pleurotrochantin.

Sc, Scutum.

Sept, Analpterale.

S'csl, Scutoscutellum.

SI, Scutellum.

Ss, Spinasternite.

Tgj Tegula, or parapteron.

Tn, Trochantin.

Tnl, Trochantinelle.

Vex, Veracoxa.

A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia (Hym., Chalcidoidea).

By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), N. Q., Australia. The following species belongs to a genus heretofore known from Java only but seems to differ from the type of it in bear- ing a petiolate abdomen.

Spilomegastigmus flavus new species.

Female. — Length, 2 mm., excluding ovipositor which is slightly long- er than the abdomen, their valves black. Wings hyaline excepting the stigma; abdomen with a distinct petiole which, however, is not very much longer than wide. Honey yellow the abdomen with transverse short stripes of black; legs and scape pale yellow, the flagellum dusky. Mesoscutum and scutellum transversely wrinkled, the latter without a cross furrow. Mandibles bidentate. Antennae slender, n-jointed, the club solid, one ring joint; all funicle joints longer than wide, the first three subequal, longest, much longer than the pedicel. Head smooth.

(From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)

Male. — Not known.

Described from one female captured by sweeping in a forest, April i, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).

Habitat: Australia — Nelson (Cairns), Queensland.

Type : In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag and the head in xylol-balsam on a slide.

*ENT. NEWS, XXIII, 392-94, 1912.

26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

The Male of Syringogaster brunnea Cresson, from

Peru (Dipt.)*

By E. T. CRESSON, JR., Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, Pa.

Among some material from Callanga, Peru, in the collection of the Hungarian National Museum, Dr. K. Kertesz found a specimen of the genus Syringogaster which he determined as my brunnea, although not agreeing with the description in many respects. He sent it to me for verification, and it proved to be the unknown male of that species, or at least I consider it as such, with the following differences :

Frontal median triangle polished, as is also the female to some ex- tent. Posterior half of thorax black with the area about humeri rufous (this black discoloration may be caused by the chemical action on the pin.) Abdomen subopake, not polished as in female, brown with two

yellow bands on the narrow first and second segments ; genital seg- ment yellow, longer than broad, extending to apex of fourth beneath. Anterior tibiae brown ; posterior femora discolored on the inside. Wing venation and maculation as figured, the third vein being bent beyond small cross vein, while that of the female is straight.

The species having been described from Costa Rica, this discovery also gives an interesting extension to its distribu- tion. It may be explained here, in case there be some mis- understanding, that what is considered the fused first and second abdominal segments, may be all one segment, but as understood in the typical description,* the first segment is the narrow portion while the second is the dilated portion. The two are sometimes readily distinguished by a faint impressed transverse line between them.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2J

The Identity of Two Insects, each Described by

Ashmead as Megastigmus flavipes (Hym.)«

By C. R. CROSBY, Ithaca, N. Y.

In 1886 Ashmead described Megastigmus flavipes (Trans- actions of the Ajmerican Entomological Society; v. 13: p. 128). In the United States National Museum there remains the pin on which the type was originally mounted, glued to a paste- board triangle. Only the hind legs and one front wing remain. The stigmal club is large, very dark colored, and appears to be surrounded by a narrow clearly defined cloud. These charac- ters prove it to be a true Megastigmus.

In 1888 Dr. Ashmead described another insect under the same name, Megastigmus flavipes. (In Bulletin 3, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station: p. III). Through the kind- ness of Professors T. J. Headlee and G. A. Dean, I have been able to examine the type of this species. It is a male Torymus. In transferring it to that genus, we find the name Torymus flavipes preoccupied by Callimome flavipes Walker (Entomo- logical Magazine; v. i : p. 124. 1833) also a true Torymus. It, therefore, becomes necessary to change the name of Ashmead's species, and as the original description was very inadequate, I have drawn up the following :

Torymus abortus new name.

1888 Megastigmus flavipes Ashmead. Kansas Agricultural Experiment

Station Bulletin 3: p. III.

Not Megastigmus flavipes Ashmead. Transactions of the Ameri- can Entomological Society; v. 13: p. 128. 1886. Not Callimome [=Torymus] flavipes Walker. Entomological

Magazine ; v. i : p. 124. 1833.

Male. — Length, 1.5 mm. Head and thorax metallic greenish blue. Front and face finely reticulate-punctate, vertex becoming delicately transversely rugulose. Antennae dusky. Posteriorly on the thorax and on the pleurae a brownish ground-color shows through the green. Dorsum of thorax finely and densely pustulate ; no transverse stria on scutellum. Propodeum not in a position for study. Pleurae and coxae brownish with greenish metallic reflections. Abdomen dark brown with aeneous reflections.

Front and middle legs pale yellow ; hind femora and tibiae broadly infuscate. Wings hyaline.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Jan., '14

A new Lycaena from Arizona (Lep.) By VICTOR L. CLEMENCE, Pasadena, Cal.

Lycaena florencia, new species.

Expanse, 15 to 24 mm.

$ — Upperside: Light violet blue (blue violet No. 487*), lighter to- wards the costa and veins ; fimbriate black border on all wings, fringes white.

Underside : Ground color greyish-white, spots similar to hanno, only very much less intense; secondaries, spots also like hanno excepting for the metallic marks which are distributed in the new species as fol- lows : The black eye-spot has a metallic half-circle on the outer side ; a round, black spot covered with metallic scales above and two such spots, but smaller, below.

$ — Upperside: Mouse color, dusted with sky-blue scales from the base outwardly ; secondaries are dusted in the same way, the anal spot of secondaries showing through indistinctly in both males and females.

Underside : Same as male.

Habitat: Southern Arizona (Huachuca Mountains, May and June, Clemence) ; Brawley, Imperial Valley, California, May ; Yuma, Arizona, June, W. G. Wright.

Types: 2 males, 2 females, from a series of 14 specimens in the collection of V. L. Clemence.

Comparing Lycaena florencia with hanno, its nearest relative, the following comparative table will enable students to readily separate these two species :

florencia.

Size : 15 to 24 mm.

$ Upper side : Light violet blue No. 487. A black fimbriate bor- der. Slight reflection of anal spot from under side.

9 Upper side : Mouse color dusted with sky-blue scales.

Under side $ $ : Even light gray, spots very light brown.

Four metallic spots.

hanno.

Size : 18 to 27 mm.

$ Upper side : Bright purplish blue (Holland). Very wide black border. A distinct black anal spot.

$ Upper side : Dark purplish blue (Holland).

Under side $ $ : Brownish gray with broad dark border. Spots dark brown and black.

Two metallic spots.

*Klincksieck et Valette, Code des couleurs, 1908.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2Q

There are, in my series, three florencia with only three metallic spots, but these specimens are worn and these delicate marks may have become erased.

This interesting Lycaena was taken by me in 1910 while collecting in the Huachuca Mountains, Southern Arizona : it was taken in company with isola. but whereas isola occurred in great numbers, florencia was rarely met with, and I considered myself fortunate to take from one to three specimens in a day's collecting while without any difficulty hundreds of isola could be secured. Of course the striking difference of the heavy marginal row of spots on the underside of the primaries in isola made the two species easily distinguishable, and also the fact that florencia is two-thirds of the size of isola. It is very distinct, in fact it is not like any other Lycaena in appear- ance, the pale blue of the upper side and its small size being the distinguishable characteristics of this species. This little insect, like most of the Lycaenae, is very fond of settling on damp sand bordering the canyon streams.

One evening in last May while doing some entomological work with my friend, Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., our attention was attracted to some Lycaenae from Florida which were not yet classified, and this caused a comparison between these and a series from Arizona which I had labeled hanno according to Wright's description in The Butterflies of the West Coast. We immediately saw the great difference existing between the Florida specimens and the Arizona ones ; at once we started a search through the literature and discovered that the locality of hanno is the Gulf States, therefore, the Arizona species were not as Mr. Wright figures them but a new species which T take pleasure in introducing to Lepidopterists.

I have named this new species after my wife, Florence M. Clemence, who is also greatly interested in the collecting of Lepidoptera and has done some good work in Colorado and other places and so added materially to my collection.

Change of Address.

Mr. Henry \V. Wenzel has removed from 1523 South I3th_ Street to 5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Pa., and requests his friends and correspondents to take note of the change.

3O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

A new Chalcidid Genus and Species of Hymenop-

tera from Australia.

By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns) North Queensland,

Australia.

This new genus was captured by sweeping foliage and grass along the banks of the Cape River at Capeville, Queensland, January 8, 1913. It is the second endemic genus of its tribe from Australia.

Family CHALCIDIDAE, Tribe CHALCITELLINI. Chalcitelloides new genus.

Female : — Agreeing with the description of Chalcitclla Westwood but the antennae only lo-jointed, without a ring- joint, the club solid. The fore wings without post-marginal or stigmal veins, the marginal long, slender and truncate at apex. Posterior femur beneath with eight teeth, the distal two small and equal ; scutellum ending in a minute tooth. Venter of propodeum with a pair of stout teeth pointing ventrad. Petiole of abdomen as long as the hind coxae. Posterior tibiae with a small acute tooth outwardly near base (proximal third) ; wings hyaline. Propodeum with a median carina.

Male : — Not known.

Type : — The following species.

Chalcitelloides nigriscutum new species.

Female. — Length, 3.00 mm.

Blood red, the wings hyaline, the mesoscutum and axillae black ; also the venter of thorax, the lateral pieces of the scutellum and an oval spot in center of posterior coxa outwardly; venation pale brown. Head black, the antennae red except distal two-thirds of the club. Umbili- cately punctate and with sparse white pubescence. Abdominal petiole with longitudinal carinae far apart. Fore wings practically naked, without marginal cilia. First funicle joint longest, the others more or less subquadrate, the club long, conical.

(From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)

Male. — Not known.

Described from one female captured as above.

Habitat: Australia — Capeville (Pentland), Queensland.

Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag plus a slide bearing the head and posterior femur.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31

A new Borborid (Diptera) from Panama.

By J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois.

Sphaerocera pallipes, new species.

Female. — Black, slightly shining. Antennae yellow, basal joint dark- est; proboscis yellow. Thorax black, pleurae shining. Abdomen black on dorsum, yellow beneath. Legs entirely pale yellow. Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres yellow.

Frons opaque, slightly granulose on surface, rather more than one- half as wide as head, no bristles present, the surface hairs pale and very short ; antenna? small, inserted in cavities on either side of the upper part- of the face, which is flattened, triangular in shape and pro- jects distinctly beyond the anterior margin of f rons ; the antennas thus lie at right angles to the long axis of the body ; arista hair-like, bare, and about twice as long as width of f rons ; mouth opening large ; labrum flattened, distinctly protruding; cheek as high as the rather small eye ; in profile the head is flattened in front and almost upright ; the eye occupies slightly more than one-half the distance from vertex to anterior margin of head. Thorax in poor condition, but mesonotum with evident traces of four longitudinal rows of short, pale hairs on disk ; scutellum rounded in outline, the posterior margin with faint traces of tubercules, one at either side, widely separated, being most distinct. Abdomen elongate oval ; segments bare above. Legs long, and strong; their surfaces with very short, pale hairs, but no bristles present ; hind tibia without an apical spur ; hind metatarsus swollen, the upper surface slightly rounded ; ventral surface flattened, the usual brush of hairs of the other species in the genus is represented only by a few hairs which are most distinct at apex ; length of metatarsus about one and one-fourth that of the second joint which is not swollen; claws long, black at apices. Wings with veins 3 and 4 distinctly convergent at apices.

Length, 1.5 mm.

Type: Cat. No. 15974, U. S. N. M.

Locality: Buena Ventura, Panama, May 19, 1911, (A. Busck).

Distinguished from S. subsultans Fabricius by the absence of the spur on hind tibia, from S. bimaculata Williston by the unicolorous abdomen, from S. pusilla Fallen by the course of the third and fourth veins, and from 5". annulicornis Malloch by the entirely pale legs.

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

r

The Twentieth Australian Species of Elasmus (Hym.t Chalcidoidea).

By A. A. GIRAULTV, Nelson (Cairns), N. Q., Australia. The following species was captured in North Queensland with the sweeping net.

Elasmus doddi new species.

Female. — Length, 2 mm.

In my table of species of the genus (Memoirs Queensland Museum, Brisbane, I, 1912, pp. 188-189), running to formosus Girault but differ- ing in having the scutellum wholly black (except narrowly at middle of the side), the vertex wholly yellow, the tip of postscutellum black. Head and scutum with thimble punctures, the scutellum scaly. Legs pallid yellow, the posterior coxae narrowly black at upper edge, the antennae dusky yellow, with two ring joints. Pronotum very narrowly black along cephalic margin, the dorsal half of occiput black.

(From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch & Lomb.)

Male. — Not known.

From one female captured at Nelson (Cairns), North Queensland, April r, 1913, by Mr. Alan P. Dodd for whom the species is named as a recognition of his early promise.

Habitat : Australia— Nelson, Queensland.

Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above

specimen on a tag.

— • «•> • —

A new Wasp from Colorado (Hym.)« By T. D. A. COCKERELL, University of Colorado. On June 26, 1913, when collecting bees at Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, in the Canadian Zone, I captured a wasp which I could not at first determine generically. On close investigation, it proves to belong to Dryudella Spinola, based on a species of Southern Europe. According to Kohl, Dryudella is a subgenus of Astata, but the venation is so peculiar that I think it may well rank as a genus. My species is new, and I take pleasure in naming it after Mr. Enos Mills, the well known writer on the natural history of Colorado, resident at Longs Peak Inn.

Dryudella mills! n. sp.

$ — Length, about 7 mm. ; head, thorax, legs and antennae black, the anterior tibiae dark reddish brown on inner side except apically ; pubes- cence very scanty, pale, black in region of mouth ; abdomen with the first two segments (except base of first), and sides of third basally to some extent, bright ferruginous ; the rest of abdomen black ; head

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33

paining, broader than thorax ; lower margin of middle lobe of clypeus broadly rounded, rather prominent, but not specially modified ; front and vertex very sparsely punctured; third antennal joint longer than fourth, fifth about as long as fourth ; mesothorax and scutellum highly polished, with a few scattered punctures ; area of metathorax dull and granular, with a slight oblique striation ; sides of metathorax striate ; tegulas black ; anterior wings dusky hyaline, not very dark, nervures and stigma piceous ; venation of anterior wings much as in Dryudella tricolor (Astata tricolor v. d. Linden), but differing as follows: Mar- ginal cell longer (but not nearly equal to stigma on costa), first re- current nervure joining second submarginal cell a very short distance from the base, basal nervure not falling so far short of transverso- medial : middle and hind tibiae with numerous black spines ; abdomen smooth and shining; basal part of pygidial area microscopically reticu- late.

In Fox's table (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, P- 54°) of Astata this runs to 8, and runs out on account of the black tegulae and structure of clypeus. Dryudella caerulea (Astata caerulea Cresson) is another species of this genus. I have taken it upon the campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder, September 9. I was at one time inclined to regard it as a new genus or subgenus, but Mr. S. A. Rohwer expressed the opinion that it was a Dryudella, and upon further study I must agree with him. It is atypical however in the shape of the third submarginal cell, and in having the first recur- rent nervure joining the second submarginal cell far from the base. The metallic blue color is also remarkable.

An Aberration of Pyrameis huntera (Lep.).

On Sept. i2th, 1013, I captured a curious aberration of Pyrameis huntera near the Canadian Pacific Railway works here. The speci- men is a large one and a female. The black markings have run to- gether and become blurred and the white spots on the upper side are exaggerated. Also there is a purplish suffusion at the apex of each upper wing. The ground color of the upper side of the lower wings is darker than in the type apparently due to the fact that the dark basal cloud of the type has spread all over the wing.

On the underside the same tendency towards the blurring of the black markings is apparent, but on the pink area of the upper wings the black is replaced by indistinct orange marks. The lower wings are very dark underneath and much of the white penciling of the basal portion in the type is suppressed in this specimen.

I should be grateful if some one interested in this capture would let me know if there is any particular name for this aberration. — H. M. SIMMS, 192 Ontario East, Montreal, Canada.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thank- fully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

TO CONTRIBUTORS.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it neces- sary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. — Ed.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1914.

Alfred Russel Wallace.

The opening sentence of the NEWS for July, 1913: "In the death of Lord Avebury, on May 28, there passed away the youngest, but not the last, of that group of famous English naturalists intimately associated with Darwin and the promul- gation of his theories," is no longer true. Alfred Russel Wal- lace, "the last," died" on November 7, 1913, aged 90 years and ten months less one day. The length of his life is remarkable, considering the attacks of disease from which he suffered both in England and on his expeditions to the Amazon and the Ma- lay Archipelago.

His autobiography, published in two volumes in 1905, under the title, My Life A Record of Events and Opinions, with fac- simile letters, illustrations and ^portraits, renders unnecessary any account of his life in this place. It is not superfluous, how- ever, to recall his entomological labors and the influence which he considered that the study of insects had upon his own career and that of his co-discoverer of the theory of natural selection.

At the meeting held by the Linnean Society of London on July ist, 1908, to celebrate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the joint communication made by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel

34

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35

Wallace to the Society, "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties ; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection," the first Darwin-Wallace medal was presented to Wallace, who said in reply, among- other things :

this brings me to the very interesting question : Why did so many of the greatest intellects fail, while Darwin and myself hit upon the solution of this problem — a solution which this Celebration proves to have been (and still to be) a satisfying one to a large number of those best able to form a judgment on its merits? As I have found what seems to me a good and precise answer to this question, and one which is of some psychological interest, I will, with your permission, briefly state what it is.

On a careful consideration, we find a curious series of correspond- ences, both in mind and in environment, which led Darwin and myself, alone among our contemporaries, to reach identically the same theory. First (and most important, as I believe), in early life both Darwin and myself became ardent beetle hunters. Now there is certainly no group of organisms that so impresses the collector by the almost in- finite number of its specific forms, the endless modifications of struc- ture, shape, color and surface-markings that distinguish them from each other, and their innumerable adaptations to diverse environ- ments. * * *

Again, both Darwin and myself had what he terms "the mere pas- sion of collecting" — not that of studying the minutiae of structure, either internal or external. I should describe it rather as an intense interest in the mere variety of living things — the variety that catches the eye of the observer even among those which are very much alike, but which are soon found to differ in several distinct char- acters. * * *

It is the constant search for and detection of these often unexpected differences between very similar creatures that gives such an intellec- tual charm and fascination to the mere collection of these insects ; and when, as in the case of Darwin and myself, the collectors were of a speculative turn of mind, they were constantly led to think upon the "why" and the "how" of all this wonderful variety in nature — this overwhelming, and, at first sight, purposeless wealth of specific forms among the very humblest forms of life.

Then, a little later (and with both of us almost accidentally) we be- came travelers, collectors and observers, in some of the richest and most interesting portions of the earth ; and we thus had forced upon our attention all the strange phenomena of local and geographical dis- tribution, with the numerous problems to which they give rise. Thence- forward our interest in the great mystery of how species came into ex-

36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

istence was intensified, and — again to use Darwin's expression — "haunted" us.

Finally, both Darwin and myself, at the critical period when our minds were freshly stored with a considerable body of personal ob- servation and reflection bearing upon the problem to be solved, had our attention directed to the system of positive checks as expounded by Malthus in his "Principles of Population." The effect of this was analogous to that of friction upon the specially-prepared match, pro- ducing that flash of insight which led us immediately to the simple but universal law of the "survival of the fittest," as the long sought effec- tive cause of the continuous modification and adaptation of living things.

Wallace's interest in beetles, as he tells in My Life (i, pp. 236-237), was due to his meeting Henry Walter Bates, in 1844 or 1845, as a result of which he not only began to collect these insects but also to enter into a correspondence with Bates that eventually led to their joint visit to the Amazon. Their choice of this region of the world was the result of reading W. H. Edwards' A Voyage up the Amazon, published in 1847. Ed- wards, being in London soon after, gave the young Englishmen letters of introduction to friends at Para. Forty years later, in April, 1887, Wallace renewed his personal acquaintance with the great American lepidopterist by a visit to the latter's home at Coalburgh, West Virginia.

The richest parts of Wallace's South American collections, 1848-1852, were lost by the burning of the vessel on which he was returning to England. He mentions, in his Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, having gathered goo species of diurnal Lepidoptera.

He was more successful in his journey to the East, 1854- 1862, and, in the preface to The Malay Archipelago, tells us that when he returned to England in the spring of 1862 he found that the collections which he had retained for his private use included "at least twenty thousand beetles and butterflies, of about seven thousand species," while the total numbers of specimens which he secured were 13100 specimens of Lepidoptera, 83200 Coleoptera and 13400 other insects. His papers, The Malayan Papilionidae, as illustrating the Theory of Natural Selection (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxv),

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37

on the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian regions and on the Cetoniidae of the Malay Archipelago (these two in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1867) were based in large part on his own col- lections, are summarized in My Life (i, pp. 400-403) and con- stitute his systematic entomological work.

Many of his essays on general subjects such as Mimicry, and many chapters in his larger works, The Geographical Distribu- tion of Animals, Darwinism, Tropical Nature, etc., are founded on his own observations on insects. As President of the En- tomological Society of London, his address in January, 1871, dealt with the peculiarities of insular insects, while that of 1872 "endeavoured to expound Herbert Spencer's theory of the origin of insects, on the view that they are fundamentally compound animals, each segment representing one of the original inde- pendent organisms."

Notes and. Ne\vs

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE.

The Alligator Pear Weevil (Col.)— A Correction.

On page 416, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, vol. XXIV, No. 9, November, 1913, under "Notice of Public Hearing on the Alligator Pear Weevil," the insular possessions Hawaii and Porto Rico are incorrectly cited as localities in which the avocado weevil (Heilipus lauri Boh.) is known to occur. The only other records of this weevil known to us other than Mexican are Central American. Naturally, no quarantine action will be taken or is intended against the islands referred to, or other avocado-producing countries free from this weevil. The error in the notice is sincerely regretted, and was due to the absence from Wash- ington of the writer at the time. — C. L. MARLATT, Chairman, FederaJ Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C.

Acknowledgment of Photographs Received.

The album of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has been increased by the addition of the photographs of the following persons, and the thanks of the Section are tendered to the donors for their gifts :

Messrs. R. Godfrey,* Harry L. Johnson, A. L. Melander, D. E. Merrill, F. W. Nunenmacher, J. H. Reading, R. J. Smith and O. S. Westcott.

* Deceased since receipt of the photograph.

38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

"Daddy-long-legs"?

It is evident that the newspapers of other countries are no more seekers after truth than those of our own, especially regarding scien- tific facts. In the Entomological Record for October 15, 1913, under the heading "Newspaper -Entomology" one reads of a notice of an article relative to daddy-long-legs published in a London newspaper. It is utterly useless to question the truth or the validity of the facts as given in such newspaper articles, unless written by a competent scientist, as doing so only holds one up to ridicule by the ignoramuses ; for it is seldom that a newspaper acknowledges its mistakes or misin- formation, or offers any but childish excuses for publishing such articles.

Regarding the article in question, it may be noted that to an Ameri- can, or, at least, to some of us in the eastern part of the United States, "Daddy-long-legs" refers to "harvest spiders" or "harvest- men," members of the Arachnid order Phalangida. At first glance one might think the author of the article referred to these animals, but in England the name "Daddy-long-legs" is given to some of the members of the dipterous family Tipulidae which of course have "six pairs of legs (evidently meaning six legs), long body and wings." The assertion that "at one time he was classed as an insect, but Lamarck separated him from them, and now he is catalogued along with scorpions and mites" is obviously rubbish, manufactured out of the whole cloth of ignorance.

Incidently it may be noted that species of Tipulidae are known to be very injurious to pasture lands in the western United States. — E. T. C, Jr.

Schinia gloriosa Strecker (Lepidop.).

During the past summer I obtained a fine specimen of the beautiful Schinia gloriosa in Boulder, Colorado. The species was described from Texas, and appears to be new to Colorado. The species is larger than S. sanguinea, with much paler hind wings ; the figure purporting to rep- resent it in Holland's Moth Book, pi. XXVII, f. 27, is evidently sanguinea. Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., IV, p. 89) did not know glori- osa, and his table is not satisfactory for its separation. It might be amended as follows : Fore wings with terminal area without longitudinal white or whitish

streaks ; hind wings pale rcgia Strecker.

Fore wings with terminal area conspicuously longitudinally streaked with white or whitish. Larger ; hind wings creamy white, darkened at apex

gloriosa Strecker.

Smaller; hind wings fuscous .... sanguinea (Geyer).

— T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39

Parasites of the San Jose Scale (Hym.).

In connection with the editorial in the NEWS for November, 1913, it may be of interest to state that the parasite reported as doing such effective work against the San Jose Scale in Pennsylvania was discov- ered at Amherst, Mass., in the fall of 1912 in great abundance. It was carefully studied, and as it could not be identified, specimens were sent to Dr. L. O. Howard, who declared it to be a new species of Prospaltella.

A description of the insect was published under the name of Pros- paltella perniciosi in the Annals of the Entomological Society of Amer- ica, Vol. VI, No. I, by Mr. D. G. Tower, and studies were continued upon it in the summer of 1913. During the present fall, colonies of this insect have been sent to Washington and Georgia, in the hope of establishing it there, and shipments to other places will be made as opportunity offers. From 75 to 85 per cent, of the scales appear to be parasitized in nature, and as large a per cent, occurs on the small twigs as on the larger ones.

A shipment of the Pennsylvania parasite just received from Pro- fessor Surface has made direct comparison of the two possible, and there can be no doubt that they are the same species. In the Penn- sylvania consignment Aphelinus fuscipennis and Prospaltella perniciosi were found, the latter including perhaps three-fourths of the speci- mens. A letter just received by Mr. Tower from Dr. Howard states: "Professor Surface came to Washington a month or more ago with a series of slides of material reared from San- Jose-scale-infested twigs, and among these parasites I found Aphelinus fuscipennis How., a Mymarid, * * * Anagrus spiritus Girault, Signophora nigrita Ashm. and your Prospaltella perniciosi." From the evidence we have it would seem probable that the Prospaltella is the one which is doing most of the work.

If claims of priority are in order, it would seem that the date of publication of Mr. Tower's description (March, 1913) should be con- sidered, while the files of the Bureau of Entomology at Washington will provide evidence that the insect was discovered and studied sev- eral months before that time.

Careful examination of twigs from Pennsylvania and also from Massachusetts indicates that despite a large amount of parasitism we need hardly expect the scale to soon become an unimportant pest as long as any such number as 10 per cent, are left -"for seed." — H. T. FERNALD, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.

The species figured in all the newspapers and the one Professors Surface and Grim had the controversy over is a Mymarid, described under the name of Anagrus spiritus Girault, in E'NT. NEWS, XXII, p. 209, 1911. Prof. Grim sent us the slide that Prof. Surface had and it was sent to Mr. Malloch to compare with the type at Urbana, Il- linois. Mr. Malloch reports them identical. — H. S.

4O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

Human Case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus

verrucarum (Dipt.).

Mr. George E. Nicholson, who has been my assistant in the verruga work since the last of July, and who has rendered particularly efficient service in the investigation at all times, notwithstanding numerous difficulties to be continually overcome, has most unfortunately de- veloped unmistakable symptoms of the disease. A brief outline of the case is as follows :

On the I7th of September, accompanied by both Mr. Nicholson and Mr. Rust, I went to Verrugas Canyon to secure material of the Phle- botomus for inoculation of laboratory animals. Both Mr. Nicholson and myself have passed numerous nights there on the same work, and Mr. Rust has been there twice. As usual we applied the ointment rec- ommended by Newstead and were not molested by the Phlebotomus up to the time of retiring at about midnight. We all used tight nets for sleeping, through which the Phlebotomus could not pass. During the night, however, while asleep, Mr. Nicholson evidently put his hands above his head so that they came in contact with the net, for in the morning we counted fifty-five unmistakable Phlebotomus bites on the backs of his hands and wrists. These bites are small, irregular in out- line, red, and not raised, as Mr. Rust and I know from a half dozen that we received on July gth while awake and before we had begun to use the ointment. We also know that during all our night collect- ing at Verrugas Canyon from July to September, no other biting in- sect except the Phlebotomus appeared, not even a single culicid, and on one occasion I sat up the entire night.

Daily examination of Mr. Nicholson's blood revealed nothing ab- normal until October i, when I found what I considered to be the verruga x-bodies in the red cells, but Dr. A. L. Barton, the best known authority on verruga, pronounced them not so. This was due to the smear having been somewhat overstained as compared with Dr. Bar- ton's customary practice in staining. These x-bodies continued in very small number without clinical symptoms of note, other than a headache or slight feverishness at times, until October 25th, when a decided rise of temperature occurred and the x-bodies were found to be much increased in number. Dr. Barton now recognizes these to be the verruga x-bodies, and Mr. Nicholson has entered the Guadalupe Hospital in Callao under Dr. Barton's immediate care. During the past week his temperature has been lower than at first, and the case promises to be of the benign type rather than the malignant. No erup- tion has appeared as yet. Salvarsan was administered intravenously to-day, for the purpose of determining whether it will prove a spe- cific against the disease. — CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND. Chosica, Peru, November loth, 1913.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 4!

Notice to Authors.

Authors publishing entomological articles in non-entomological jour- nals, who desire to have such articles noted in our current literature list, will do well to send copies of them to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. After note has been made of the same, they will be deposited in the library of the American Entomological

Society.

— • <•» • —

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.

The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington.

4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 7 — U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 12 — Comptes Rendus, L'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 21 — The Entomologist's Record, London. 22 — Zoologischer An- zeiger, Leipzig. 24 — Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 36 — Transactions, Entomological Society of London. 46 — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 50 — Proceedings of the U. S. National Mu- seum. 65 — La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris. 68 — Science, New York. 73 — Archives, Zoologie Experimental et Generale, Paris. 79 — La Nature, Paris. 97 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 119 — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 136— Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 166 — Internationale Entomo- logische Zeitschrift, Guben. 179 — Journal of Economic Entomol- ogy. 180 — Annals, Entomological Society of America. 189 — Jour- nal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 190 — Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift "Iris," Dresden. 194 — Genera Insec- torum. Diriges par P. Wytsman, Bruxelles. 198 — Biological Bul- letin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 204— New York State Museum, Albany. 216 — Entomologische Zeit- schrift, Frankfurt a. M. 275 — Philippine Journal of Science, Manila.

42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

276 — Bulletin, Societe Lepidopterologique de Geneve. 299 — Mittei- lungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hanover. 313 — Bul- letin of Entomological Research, London. 344 — U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 368 — The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal. 369 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 407 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. 420 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal of entomology, Washington, D. C. 447 — Jour- nal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 451 — Nature Study Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 452 — Lepidopterorum Catalogus, editus a H. Wagner. 453 — Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 454 — North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh. 458 — Mon- tana Agricultural College Experiment Station, Bozeman.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Butler, A. L.— Economic value of birds, 8 pp. (Reprint from The Agricultural Gazette, Tasmania, Sept., 1912.) Casey, T. L.— The law of priority, 68, 1913, 442-43. Enslin, E. — Ein ideales klebemittel fur insektenpraparation, 166, vii, 195-96. Felt, E. P. — Report (28th) of the state entomologist of New York for 1912, 204, Bui. 165, 264 pp. Folsom, T. W. — Entomology with special reference to its biological and economic aspects. 2d re- vised ed. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Sons & Co., 1913, 402 pp. Hopkins, A. D. — Discontinuous geographical distribution, 102, xv, 118-122. Jennings & King. — An intensive study of insects as a pos- sible etiologic factor in pellagra. (Am. Jour. Med. Sci., cxlvi, 411- 441.) Kaye, W. J. — A few observations in mimicry, 36, 1913, 1-11. Knab, F. — The contentions regarding "Forest malaria," 102, xv, 110-118. .Lutz, A. — The insect host of forest malaria, 102, xv, 108-9. McClashan, X. — The collector's by-product, 189, v, 158-160. Mar- tell, P. — Insektenfeinde der bucher, 216, xxvii, 142-43 (cont.). Parker, W. B. — A sealed paper carton to protect cereals from in- sect attack, 344, Bui. 15. Quade, F. — Insektenstiche, 216, xxvii, 154-55 (cont.). Reuter, O. M. — Obituary notices, 8, 1913, 230-31; 9, 1913, 296. Riley, W. A. — Some recent manuals of parasitology, 179, vi, 416-18. Townsend, C. H. T. — Progress in the study of ver- ruga transmission by blood suckers, 313, iv, 125-128. Tragardh, I. — On the chemotropism of insects and its significance for economic entomology, 313, iv, 113-117. Weiss, H. B. — Notes on the negative geotropism of Corythuca ciliata, Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella 9- notata and Megilla fuscilabris, 179, vi, 407-9. Wilcox, E. V., et al.— Annual report of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for 1912, 91 pp. Williams, C. B.— The berlese funnel, 9, 1913, 273-74.

Cockerell, T. D. A. — Remarks on fossil insects (Abstract), 102, xv, 123-126.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Mueller, A.— Die afterspinnen, 216, xxvii, 153-154.

Ewing, H. E. — Some new and curious Acarina from Oregon, 189, v, 123-136. Hodgkiss, H. E. — New species of maple mites, 179, vi, 420-24. Simon, E. — Biospeologica, XXX. — Araneae et Opili- ones, 73, lii, 359-386.

APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Chaine, J.— Les ilots de ter- mites, 12, 1913, 650-53. Fahrenholz, H. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der Anopluren, 299, D, 1-64. Morgan, A. H. — A contribution to the biolugy of may-flies, 180, vi, 371-413. Snyder, T. E. — Changes dur- ing quiescent stages in the metamorphosis of Termites, 68, 1913, 487-88.

Banks, N. — New exotic neuropteroid insects, 102, xv, 137-142. Karny, H. — On the genera Liothrips and Hoodia, 36, 1912, 470-475. Kennedy, C. H. — Notes on the Odonata, or dragonflies, of Bump- ing Lake, Washington, 50, xlvi, 111-126. Kruger, L. — Beitrage zu einer monographic der neuropteren familie der Osmylidae, 136, Ixxiv, 1-123. Paine, J. H. — A new genus of Mallophaga, 5, xx, 158-161.

ORTHOPTERA. Fryer, J. C. F.— Preliminary note on some experiments with a polymorphic phasmid, 407, iii, 107-111.

Giglio-Tos, E. — Mantidae, subf. Perlamantinae, 194, 144, 13 pp. Shelford, R. — Studies of the Blattidae, 36, 1912, 643-661.

HEMIPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Swarming of Hemiptera, 179, vi, 426. Faust, E. C. — Size dimorphism in adult spermatozoa of "Anasa tristis," 198, xxv, 287-303. Metcalf, Z. P.— The wing venation of the Fulgoridae, 180, vi, 341-358. Parker, J. R. — (See under Lepidoptera.) Sherman, F., Jr. — The oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi), 454, Bui. 185. Webster, R. L. — Notes on Gypona octolineata, 179, vi, 409-13.

Schouteden, H. — Pentatomidae: Dinidorinae, 194, fasc. 153, 19 pp.

LEPIDOPTERA. Bird, H.— On the larval habits of two sps. of Oligia, 420, i, 123-24. Carpenter, G. D. H.— The life history of "Pseudacraea eurytus hobleyi," 36, 1912, 706-716. Chapman, T. A.— On the early stages of "Albulina pheretes," a myrmecophilous blue butterfly. An experiment on the development of the male ap- pendages in L., 36, 1912, 393-406, 407-8. Chittenden, F. H.— The rose slug-caterpillar (Euclea indetermina). The Florida fern cater- pillar (Eriopus floridensis), 7, Bui. 124, 125. The potato-tuber

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

moth (Phthorimaea operculella), 344, Farm. Bui. 557. Frohawk, F. W. — "Yellow imagines" of Pieris brassicae, 9, 1913, 282-83. Frohawk & Rothschild. — Completion of the life-history of "Me- lanargia japygia subsp. suwarovius," 9, 1913, 275-78. Harte, C. R. — Observations regarding flight of the cotton moth in 1911, 179, vi, 426-7. Headlee, T. J. — A broad study of the codling moth, 179, vi, 389-395. Jacobson, E. — Biological notes on the Heterocera: Eublemma rubra, E. versicolora and Catoblenama sumbavensis, 46, Ivi, 165-173. Jones, E. D. — Descriptions of n. sp. of L. — Hetero- cera from South-East Brazil, 36, 1912, 419-444. Loquay, R. — Ein besuch beim raupenpraparator, 166, vii, 169-170. McClashan, X. — A worm that cares, 5, 1913, 345-6. Manders, N. — Birds eating but- terflies, 9, 1913, 292. The study of mimicry (Batesian and Mul- lerian) by temperature experiments on two tropical butterflies, 36, 1912, 445-469. Merle, R.— Les sesies, 79, xli, 371-374. Meyrick, E. -Tortricidae, 194, fasc. 149, 81 pp. Parker, J. R.— The imported cabbage worm (Pontia rapae) and the cabbage aphis (Aphis bras- sicae), 458, Circ. 28. Pictet, A. — Recherches experimentales sur 1'hibernation de "Lasiocampa quercus." Reherches experimentales sur la resistance au froid et la longevite des L. a 1'etat adulte, 276, ii, 179-206, 206-212. Rau, P.— Notes on the duration of the pupal stage in certain L., 5, xx, 161-62. Rehfous, M. — Observations biologiques de "Lycaena cyllarus," 276, ii, 238-250. Vasler, E. J.— The red-humped caterpillar (Schizura concinna), 368, ii, 654-657. Weldon, G. P. — The fruit-tree leaf-roller (Archips argyrospila), 368, ii, 638-647.

Bethune-Baker, G. T. — Observations on Dr. Verity's review of the Linnean collection and his suggested nomenclatorial altera- tions, 21, 1913, 251-253. Beutenmuller, W. — Notes on Hepialus auratus, 420, i, 129-130. Busck, A. — Two Micro-L. injurious to chestnut, 102, xv, 102-104. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Two new varieties of Phyciodes camillus, 9, 1913, 308-9. Dalla Torre, K. W. v.— Cast- niinae: Subf. Castniinae, Neocastniinae, Pemphigostolinae, 452, Pars 15, 28 pp. Dyar, H. G. — Notes on the species of Galasa, 420, i, 125-29. Dyar & Strand. — Megalopygidae, Dalceridae, Epipyropi- dae, 452, 16, 7-35. Linston, Dr. V. — Die neue lepidopterologische nomenklatur und die Heubner'schen gattungsnamen, besonders der Noktuiden, 24, Iviii, 21-29. Meyrick, E. — Lepidopterorum catalogus, Pars 13 & 17: Carposinidae, Heliodinidae, Glyphipterygidae, Ptero- phoridae, Orneodididae, 53 and 44 pp. Meyrick, E. — Descriptions of So. American Micro-L., 36, 1913, 170-200. Prout, L. B. — Lepi- dopterorum catalogus, Pars 14: Geometridae: Subf. Hemitheinae, 192 pp. Sheljuzhko, L. — Gegen unnutze und bewusste aufstellung

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45

von synonymen, 190, 1913, 111-115. Strand, E.— Brahmaeidae, 452, Pars. 16, 1-6. Webster, F. M.— "Vanessa californica" again, 4, 1913, 342.

DIPTERA. Alverdes, F. — Nochmals ueber die kerne in den speicheldrusen der Chironomus-larve, 22, xlii, 565-575. Cameron, A. E. — On the life history of "Lonchaea chorea," 36, 1913, 314-322. Fiske, W. F. — The bionomics of Glossina; a review with hypotheti- cal conclusions, 313, iv, 95-111. Hodge, C. F.— The distance house flies, blue bottle and stable flies may travel over water, 68, 1913, 512-13. Learning disease prevention in school. The house fly as a practical lesson, 451, ix, 245-250. Hewlett, F. W.— The effect of oil of citronella on two species of Dacus, 36, 1912, 412-18. Kieffer, J. J-— Cecidomyidae, 194, fasc. 152, 346 pp. Mansion, J. — Les larves des dipteres vivent elles dans le formol? 65, xliii, 168-172. Mitz- main, M. B.— The biology of "Tabanus striatus," the horsefly of the Philippines, 275, viii, Sec. B., 197-222. Sawyer & Herms.— Attempts to transmit Poliomyelitis by means of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), (Jour. Am. Med. Assoc., Ixi, 461-466). Severin, H. H. P. — The life history of Ceratitis capitata, with a list of fruits attacked in the Hawaiian Islands, 179, vi, 399-403. Walton, W. R. — Efficiency of a tachinid parasite on the last instar of Laphygma, 102, xv, 128-131.

Beutenmuller, W. — A new empid from the Black Mountains, No. Carolina, 420, i, 130. Enderlein, G.— Die Phoridenfauna Sud-Bra- siliens. Paryphoconus, eine neue Chironomidengattung aus Bra- silien. Zwei neue Ortaliden, 136, Ixxiii, 16-52, 57-60, 60-64. Zur kenntnis der familie Xylophagidae, 22, xlii, 533-555. Felt, E. P.— The gall midge fauna of New England, 5, xx, 133-147. A study of gall midges, 204, Bui. 465, 127-226. Johnson, C. W.— Notes on variation in the venation of the species of the genus Leptogaster, 5, xx, 162-64. Johannsen & Crosby. — The life history of "Thrypticus muhlenbergiae," sp. nov., 5, xx, 164-00. Knab, F.— A new Cuban Chaoborus, 420, i, 121-22. Krober, O. — Therevidae, 194, fasc. 148, 58 pp. Malloch, J. R. — A new species of "Simulium" from Texas. Two n. sp. of Borboridae from Texas, 102, xv. 133-37. A revision of the species in Agromyza and Cerodontha, 180, vi, 269-340. Me- lander, A. L. — Some acalyptrate Muscidae, 5, xx, 166-69.

COLEOPTERA. Ely, C. R.— The food plant of "Cleonus calan- droides," 102, xv, 104-5. Ewing, H. E.— Notes on Oregon Coccinel- lidae, 179, vi, 404-7. Jordan, K. H. C. — Zur morphologic und bio- logic der myrmecophilen gattungen Lomechusa und Atemeles und einiger verwandter Formen, 97, cvii, 346-386. Pierce, W. D. — The occurrence of a cotton boll weevil in Arizona, 447, i, 89-08. R. M.

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

— La lutte centre un parasite des Grangers, 79, xli, 364. Sharp & Muir. — The comparative anatomy of the male genital tube in C., 36, 1912, 477-642. Snyder, T. E.— The ovipositor of "Parandra brun- nea," 102, xv, 131-33. Webster, F. M. — The southern corn root worm, or bud worm (Diabrotica duodecimpunctata). The western corn root worm (D. longicornis), 344, Bui. 5 & 8.

Barber, H. S. — A new species of Phengodes from California, 5, 1913, 343-4. Breit, J. — Zur systematik der Bathysciinae, 369, ii, 301-316. Champion, G. C. — Coleoptera from British Honduras, 8, 1913, 256-7. Notes on various Central American C., with descrip- tions of new gen. and sp., 36, 1913, 58-169. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Some C. from Central America, 9, 1913, 299-300. Dupuis, P. — Carabidae, Pentagonicinae, Peleciinae, Hexagoniinae, 194, fasc. 145-147. Prell, H. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der Dynastinen, 136, Ixxiii, 53-57. Schmidt, A.— Scarabaeidae: Aegialiinae, Chironinae, Dynamopinae, Hyposorinae, Idiostominae. Ochodaeinae, Orphni- nae, 194, fasc. 150, 87 pp. Spaeth, F. — Kritische studien ueber den umfang und die begrenzung mehrerer Cassiden gattung nebst be- schreibung neuer amerikan. arten, 119, 1913, Ab. A., H. 6, 126-164. Neue Cassiden aus Columbien, Peru, Bolivien und Ecuador, 136, Ixxiii, 1-16. Wickham, H. F. — The Princeton collection of fossil beetles from Florissant, 180, vi, 359-370.

HYMENOPTERA. Cockle, J. W.— Strange action of "Bombus occidentalis," 5, 1913, 347-8. Cros, A. — Le "Sitaris rufipes," ses moeurs, son evolution, 65, xliii, 173-177. Lovell, J. H. — A vernal bee (Colletes inaequalis), 5, xx, 147-48. McColloch, J. W. — A para- site of the chinch bug egg, 179, vi, 425-6. Natzmer, G. v. — Lebens- weise und organisation der underirdisch lebenden ameisenarten. Eine biologische studie, 166, vii, 176-78. Newell, Paddock & Dean. —Investigations pertaining to Texas beekeeping, 453, Bui. 158. Pinkus, H. — The life history and habits of "Spalangia muscidarum," a parasite of Stomoxys, 5, xx, 148-158.

Beutenmuller, W. — A n. sp. of Amphibolips. A new Andricus from N. J. Description of a new gall fly (Andricus decidua), 420, i, 122-23, 124-25, 131-32. Bischoff, H.— Chrysididae, 194, fasc. 151, 86 pp. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Pseudomasaris bred in California, 102, xv, 107. A leaf cutting bee from Arizona, 179, vi, 425. Ender- lein, G. — Beitrage zur kenntnis aussereuropaischer Ichneumoniden, 136, Ixxiii, 105-144. Ein hervorragender zwitter von "Xylocopa mendozana" aus Argentinicn. Mit einen verzeichnis aller bisher H., 136, Ixxiv, 124-140. Girault, A. A. — More new genera and spe- cies of Chalcidoid H. from Paraguay, 119, 1913, Ab. A., H. 6, 51-69.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47

McColloch, J. W. — A parasite of the chinch-bug egg, 5, 1913, 342-3. Peets, W. — Die Panzer'schen H. ausgenommen die Apiden, 299, D, 65-77. Schmiedeknecht, O. — Opuscula Ichneumonologica, Fasc. 35. Tryphoninae (cont.). Weld, L. H. — A new oak gall from Mexico, 420, i, 132-34.

ETUDES LEPIDOPTE'ROLOGIE COMPAREE. By CHARLES OBERTHUR. Volume IX, Part I.

This part contains an exceedingly important contribution to Ameri- can Lepidopterology, as herein Mr. Oberthiir gives 74 figures in color, of the species of Californian butterflies, described by Dr. Boisduval in the Annals of the Entomological Society of France in 1852 and in the Annals of the Entomological Society of Belgium in 1869. Dr. Boisdu- val's descriptions were often brief and he compared the Californian species with those of Europe in a very few words. It has been quite difficult, on account of the variation in the species of Californian Ly- caenidae and Hesperidae, to be certain about some of Dr. Boisduval's species in reference to those described by Dr. Herman Behr, \\ilham H. Edwards, Henry Edwards and others. By means of these beauti- ful and accurate figures given by Mr. Oberthiir it will be possible to put the study of the Californian diurnal Lepidoptera on a firm founda- tion. American students of these insects owe a great debt of grati- tude to Mr. Oberthiir for so generously supplying figures of these types and recognizing the necessities of the case.

It may prove useful at this time to make some comments on the spe- cies in relation to their validity or synonymy.

Theda borus Bd. is a synonym of calif ornica Edw.

Thecla auretorum Bd. The da spadix H. Edw. is a synonym of this.

Thecla sylvinus Bd. This species I do not know, unless it is a race or variety of calif ornica Edw.

T. iroides Bd. is a synonym of augustus Kirby.

Thecla gryphon Bd. is a western race of niphon Hiibn.

Thecla dumetorum is a synonym of rubi Linn.

Chrysophanus arota Bd. The species described as virginiensis by Edwards is close but apparently sufficiently distinct for specific rank.

Chrysophanus xanthoides Bd. Dione Scud, is close to this.

Chrysophanus nivalis Bd. This has erroneously been put into the synonymy in our lists under mariposa.

Chrysophanns zeroe Bd. is a synonym of mariposa Reak.

Lycacna suasa Bd. is a synonym of fuliginosa Edw.

Lycacna antiacis Bd. This must be a rare form. Polyphemus Bd. is the common species in California.

L. rhaea Bd. is a synonym of sagitiggera Feld.

L. nestos Bd. is a synonym of podarce Felder

48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14

L. nivium Bd. is a synonym of shasta Edw.

L. antaegon Bd. is a synonym of acmon Dbl.-Hew.

L. philemon Bd. is a synonym of anna Edw.

L. r?<7ta Bd. is a synonym of sonorensis Feld.

Pamphila comma Bd. This is close to the variety juba Scud.

Pamphila agricola. Siris Edw. is a synonym.

Pamphila pratincola. This is not typical of the species and probably represents an aberration or variety.

P. campestris Bd. The eastern huron Edw. is the same species.

Pamphila sylvanoides Bd. Napa Edw. is a synonym.

Pamphila nemorum Bd. Verus Edw. is a synonym.

P. vestris Bd. Metacomet Harris is a synonym.

Thanaos tristis Bd. Funeralis Scud. -Burg, is probably not a syno- nym.

These figures will enable us to make further studies of interest. The available time at present has been too short to study them all carefully and they will be taken up as the species in the various genera are studied more minutely. — HENRY SKINNER.

OBITUARY.

JULES DESBROCHERS DES LOGES, French Coleopterist, editor of Le Frelon (Chateauroux), died on August 10, 1913, at Tours in his 78th year.

The numbers of The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine and The Entomologist for October, 1913, contain obituary notices (the former accompanied by a portrait) of ODO MORANNAL REUTER, the distinguished Finnish entomologist, and. since 1906, one of the twelve honorary fellows of the Entomological Society of London. He died at Abo, on September 2, aged 63. Like our own Uhler, he was totally blind in his later years. No less than 500 papers on Hemiptera (chiefly), Collembola, Thysanoptera and Neuroptera have issued from his pen. His work on the Miridae (Capsidae) and a new classification of the Heteroptera are especially important. He was a member of the zoological faculty of the University of Helsingfors. He had also published both poetry and fiction.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for December, 1913, was mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office on December 4, 1913.

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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV.

Plate IV.

12

GOMPHUS PALLIDUS, ETC.-WILLIAMSON.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXV.

FEBRUARY, 1914.

No. 2.

CONTENTS:

Williamson— Gomphus pallidus and

two new related species (Odonata) 49

To our Subscribers 58

Schroers — Preliminary List of Hetero-

cera Captured in and around St.

Louis, Missouri 59

Crawford— A Recently Described Psyl-

lid from East Africa ( Hemip. ) 62

The Latest Work of Prof. O. M. Reuter 65 Memorials to Alfred Russel Wallace... 65

Notice to Authors 65

Girault — Standards of the number of

eggs laid by Spiders (Aran.).— Ill 66 Robertson— Origin of Oligotropy of

Bees (Hym.) 67

Editorial— The Influence of Insects on

Civilization 74

Entomological Literature 75

Review of Legros' Fabre, Poet of Sci- ence 8 r

Review of Shelford's Animal Commu- nities in Temperate America 82

Review of Adams' Guide to the Study of Animal Ecology 82, 85

Notice of Transactions of the 2nd Inter- national Congress of Entomology 87

Review of Picado's Les Bromeliacees Epiphytes 87

Doings of Societies — Feldman Collect- ing Social (Dipt., Col., Hym., Lep.) 88 Convocation Week Meetings 92

Obituary— Dr. George William Peck- ham 96

Gomphus pallidus and Two New Related Species

(Odonata).

By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana.

( Plates IV and V. )

Recently in identifying some dragon flies from Florida col- lected by my father, L. A. Williamson, I had occasion to study a pair of Gomphus taken in copulation by him at Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913. These were evidently (r. pallidus Rambur, but they certainly differed from speci- mens from Texas and Oklahoma which I had at an earlier date also determined as pallidus. When the Florida material was first studied I had referred all my material from Texas and Oklahoma to one species, and, with this idea in mind, I sent rough sketches of the two species to several students in the hopes of learning more of their distribution. Later, when the southwestern material was studied, two species were found to be included in it, to only one of which, submedianus n. sp., my

49

5O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14

sketches applied. This correspondence, which will be referred to again, clearly indicates that in recent literature two or more species of dragon flies have been confused under the name of pallidus.

I have no doubt of the existence in the genus Gomphus, as generally used, of several subgroups, along the lines indicated by de Selys and Professor Needham. As soon as possible it will be convenient to use these subgroups as genera. But before this can be done an exhaustive study of the approxi- mately seventy species involved will be necessary. At pres- ent no one can use these group names intelligently. These groups have been defined by Professor Needham, so far as imagoes go, in terms not used or emphasized by de Selys, whose groups were based largely on thoracic pattern, though the resultant groupings, in the two cases, have much in com- mon. For example de Selys' Group 5 includes pallidus (and villosipes), lividus, spicatus, ntinuius and exilis. Arigomphus, as used by Needham, includes \pallidus, villosipes, spicatus and other species not known to de Selys in 1858, the date of the Monographic. Lividus and exilis are placed in another group by Needham, who has not discussed minutus.

As stated above the groups require accurate definition. So far as de Selys goes, stpicatus and exills, at least, should not be associated with pallidus; and in Needham's arrangement it is certainly a mistake to separate exilis and spicatus, for example. Arigomphus is defined (Aquatic Insects Adirondacks, p. 447-8) as having two cells between the base of veins Ai and A2 at their origin. Five males and one female of villosipes, selected at random, all have a single cell. Three males of cornutus, which is an Arigomphus, have two wings with one cell, and four wings with two. This character is tabulated below for the material discussed in this paper. To the shape of the apex of abdominal segment 8 some importance may attach, but the character is difficult of accurate definition (see Fig. 8, and ex- planation). As to the hind femora in the two sexes, I have examined thirty species of which I have both sexes, and the femora are different in the sexes in all of them. In the males

Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51

the last femur has short or very short subequal numerous spines or teeth, and no hair, sparse non-concealing hair, or long dense hair. In the females the spines on the apical half or two-thirds of the femur are longer and sparser than on the basal portion. But hairiness in the male is not a characteristic of Arigom- phus. In fact, it is not evident why Professor Needham in- cluded spicatus in Arigoinphus; and in furcifer, which I agree with him belongs in Arigomphns, the femur has very sparse hair, and the term hairy could better be applied to viridifrons, brevis and abbreviatus, for example. The position of the pos- terior ham'ule of the male seems a valuable character, though applicable only to the one sex.

Not wishing at this time to discuss these subgroups of Gom- phus, it is nevertheless necessary, in order to give some idea of the relationships of the two new species described in this paper, to point out some characters which they possess in com- mon with others of the genus. Briefly some of these charac- ters are as follows : Thorax green, varying in shade with age, sex and species, and with distinct markings if present confined to the region of the mid-dorsal carina and the humeral suture. Face without dark markings. Legs robust, hind femora ex- tending beyond the auricles ; in the male with short subequal spines and more or less hair; in the female without hair, or with very sparse hair, and with unequal spines, many of which exceed the spines of the male and which are longest at about two-thirds the length of the femur. Posterior hamule of male directed posteriorly; posterior edge of seminal vesicle, seen in profile, distinctly concave or excavated. Vulvar lamina one- fourth to one-half length of segment 9, triangular, apex di- vided for a short distance with the branches pressed together or parallel. North America, east of the Rocky Mountains.

The species may be grouped as follows :

Legs dark, last femora black; furcifer, villosipes, cornutus, lentulus,1 australis.1

1 Australis and lentulus are known to me only from descriptions. So far as I know, only the types are known, unless a male, referred by Muttkowski to lentulus, should prove to be that species (New Records

52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14

Legs paler, last femora largely pale; pallidus, submedianus, subaipicalis.

MATERIAL EXAMINED AND LITERATURE. Gomphus pallidus Rambur.

Through the great kindness of Mons. Guillaume Severin and Mr. Samuel Henshaw, I have been able to study the classical material of de Selys and Hagen. De Selys' material consists of one male and three females, including the two female types of Rambur. In addition Mons. Severin sent me the single specimen of G. villosipes in the de Selys collection.. For con- venience I have designated these specimens numerically.

De Selys i, — G. villosipes male, a slightly teneral, badly faded speci- men, labelled in de Selys' hand, "G. villosipes $, Philadelphia, Cal- vert.'>!| This is lightly smaller and less robust than Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois specimens in my collection. However, I believe all represent a single species.

De Selys 2, — labelled, "Gomphus pilipes. Hag. $ ( $ de pallidus.") "N. America.". "Gomphus pallidus R. $ ."

De Selys 3,— labelled "Gomphus pallidus R. $ ."

of WSs. Drf. Vol. IX, April 1911, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., pp. 36, 37, plate IV. "A single male in the Brooklyn Museum, locality un- known.") The type of lentulus is stated to be in the collection of Mr. C. A. Hart, but this is a mistake as the following quotation from a letter of April 21, 1913, from Mr. Hart shows: "As to lentulus a university student captured it, and I attempted to name it. It was badly broken and I attempted to mend it; in so doing I disturbed the genitalia, but as I had already studied these carefully and they seemed unlike anything I had ever seen, I managed to keep them about as they were. The question of the location of the type has come up before. I can only say that it is not in the State Laboratory Collections, so far as I know, and that I have no dragonfly collection." This loss is the more unfortunate from the fact that lentulus, like australis, was not figured, nor were characters for separating them from their closest allies pointed out. It seems to me that australis is probably not closely related to species included under Arigomphus in this paper. The larva of australis (supposition) is known, but it is possibly pal- lidus, since the Illinois specimens, described by Needham and Hart as pallidus, are not that species.

*[As I never obtained villosipes in Philadelphia, it is likely that this specimen is from one of the Pennsylvania localities cited on p. 245, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. xx, with my original locality label displaced. — P. P. CAI.VERT.]

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53

De Selys 4, — one of Rambur's types, labelled, "Collect Latreille," then below this is a red ink margined label, one end of which has been torn off, on which is written in red ink "Amer. Sept.," following which is some character which may be a continuation of the abbrevia- tion of 'septentrionale,' but which resembles the figure 6 with a long comma or figure 7 below it as much as anything. It is hardly pos- sible, however, that this is a date, September 6. Below this label is a small rectangle of gilt paper.

De Selys 5, — the other of Rambur's types, a small label " 9 ," below this a label similar to the red-inked label of the other type, but in this case the ink is faded to brown, and one end of the label is cut off obliquely, instead of being torn, on which is written a word the first four letters of which are plainly "Pari," but the last letter or character of which I cannot be sure; this is the label "Paris" of Rambur ; below this label is a bit of gilt paper, as in the other type, and below this a long narrow label "G. pallidus." The entire abdomen of this specimen is lost.

Hagen's material consists of 3 males and i female: Hagen i, — a ten- eral male bears Hagen's printed label "Hagen" and "Florida, Thaxter."

Hagen 2, — a male in good condition, labelled "Ft. Reed, Fla., Apr. 26, '76," and "Gomphus pallidus Rbr."

Hagen 3, — a male, with abd. appendages broken off, labelled "New Orleans," "G. pallidus Rbr." "Gom.phus pilipes Hagen, $ a vous" (on this label is glued the thoracic sclerite from between the front wings), "G. pilipes Sel." This is the type of pilipes.

Hagen 4, — a female in good condition, with the printed label "Hagen" and "G. pallidus Rbr., Georgia" and a word I cannot decipher followed by 7 (de Selys records pallidus from Georgia in May).

In my collection, a pair, in copulation, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson.

The references to the literature of pallidus cited by Kirby, Catalogue p. 64, all relate to papers by de Selys and Hagen, and all I believe refer to true pallidus. In two places in the Monographic de Selys re- fers, apparently inadvertently, to pallidus as pollens, p. 148 (408), and

415 (675).

In the Dragonflies of Indiana, 1899, p. 291, and in Additions to the Ind. List, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 176, two females from Elkhart Co., Indiana, collected by R. J. ,Weith are recorded as G. pallidus. One of these specimens is in the Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Col- lection and Dr. Calvert writes that the occiput is very close to my sketch of subr.iedianus. It is probable that both Weith's specimens are submedianus.

Needham, Can. Ent. 1897, P- i66» and Needham and Hart, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Sept. 1901, pp. 14, 16, 67, 77, 79-8i and 87, refer to Illinois specimens as pallidus. Letters were written to both Professor Need- ham and Mr. Hart. Professor Needham writes : "Clearly there are

54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14

two things we have been calling G. pallidus. I have male specimens from the type locality and both sexes from Florida that correspond exactly with your sketches of pallidus. I have many others from Galesburg, 111. (determined long since, when I first began collecting, for me by Kellicott) that agree with your sketches of submedianus. And I have no intermediates." Mr. Hart kindly sent me drawings of the postocellary vertical ridge of the male and of the occipita of the 2 females in the State Laboratory Collection. Evidently the specimens are submedianus.

Calvert, Occas. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. VII, 1905, p. 20, reports pallidus from Waltham, Mass. (Hagen). This record probably refers to true pallidus.

Dr. Calvert in addition to notes on the Weith specimen from In- diana, mentioned above, sent me notes on the other specimens in the Phila. Acad. Two males from Texas are submedianus or subapicalis (these two species were not distinguished in my correspondence with Dr. Calvert) ; a Florida male is intermediate, so far as my sketches of the postocellary vertical ridge go, between pallidus and sub- medianus, this specimen is doubtless pallidus. A female from Thomas- ville, Georgia, is pallidus.

Wilson, Drf. Cumberland Valley in Ky. and Tenn., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., September, 1912, pp. 192 and 199 states "that the river is entirely patrolled by pallidus." It is impossible to state what species is here referred to.

I wrote to Mr. Currie for data on pallidus in the U. S. Nat. Mus. A male, labelled Texas, is submedianus or subapicalis; a female from Missouri and a female from Henderson Co., Illinois, are submedianus. These are the only specimens under the label pallidus in the Nat. Mus. Three other references in literature to G. pallidus do not record any- thing of interest in this connection.

Gomphus submedianus n. sp.

Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907, $ (type) and teneral $ ; Williams Lake, Matagorda, Texas, May 26, 1907, $ ; Wister, Oklahoma, June 3, $ , and June 4, 1907, 3 $ , i 9 . Association of the sexes supposition only. For literature see under pallidus. For description of localities see under sub- apicalis.

Gomphus subapicalis n. sp.

Bay City, Texas, May 24, $ (type), and May 27, 1907, 9 ; Williams Lake, Matagorda County, Texas, May 26, 1907, $ . Association of the sexes supposition only. For literature

see under pallidus. On May 24 I collected near Bay City,

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55

Texas, by pools along the railroad to Brownsville. Both submedianus and subdpicalis were taken, but were not distin- guished at the time. The two species were associated again at Williams Lake on May 26. On June 3 and 4 submedianus was taken at an artificial lake along the Frisco R. R. about 1 1/2 miles north of Wister, Oklahoma.

CHARACTERS OF PALLIDUS, SUBMEDIANUS AND SUBAPICALIS.

Size. — Abdomen : pallidus, male 39-42, female 40-43 ; submedianus, male 38-41, female 39-42; subapicalis, male 39-40, female 40.

Hind wing: pallidus, male 31-33, female 34-36; submedianus, male 30-33, female 35-39! subapicalis, male 31-34, female 36.

Head. — Face unmarked, apparently yellowish green in submedianus and subapicalis, and paler green, without yellowish, in pallidus. In Rambur's types, de Selys 4 and 5, much discoloration is evident ; in 4 entire face and frons above are brown; and in 5 the frons, both in front and above, is sharply brown. The color pattern of the frons at its base above is distinct in the three species ; in pallidus there is a brown basal stripe of practically uniform width, if anything widest at the middle ; in submedianus the stripe is distinctly notched or nar- rowed in front of the median ocellus; and in subapicalis it is re- duced to two spots, one on each side of and in front of the median ocellus, these spots joined medianally in the single female. The entire vertex is dark brown, almost black, in pallidus; in submedianus it is paler, and the postocellary vertical ridge is still paler and greenish, only slightly darker, especially along the anterior border, than the frons and the occiput; subapicalis is fairly intermediate between the two others in this character. Fig. 28 is of the postocellary ridge in a Florida male of pallidus; Hagen's I and 2 have the ridge much like figure 31 ; pallidus and submedianus males which might be confused by the form of the appendages, are certainly clearly separated by the form and color of this ridge.

Thorax. — Green, apparently inclining to brownish in pallidus and yellowish green in the other two. So far as I can detect in the pallidus before me there is no dorsal stripe on either side of the carina, and the carina itself is pale excepting at the median angle. Tn submedianus and subapicalis the carina is dark above the median angle, and there is a very narrow dorsal stripe on either side, or this reduced to a vestige or, in one male of subapicalis, entirely want- ing. (This variation, I believe, is not entirely due to post-mortem changes.) (In the single female referred to subapicalis the thoracic markings are the most developed of any specimen before me ; in this case the dorsal stripes are wide and long, and closely approach the middorsal carina). Antehumeral brown stripe present (wanting in

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14

some pallidus due to post-mortem changes or loss of thoracic con- tents), widest and most definite in submedianus and subapicalis. The humeral stripe, like the antehumeral, in pallidus is narrow, obscure, and scarcely evident ; in submedianus it is reduced to a line, in striking contrast to the well developed antehumeral ; in subapicalis it is nearly as wide as the antehumeral. Venation between Ai and Az,

I,. Two cells of about equal size in first series1, Ai angled3: sub- medianus, 2 male wings, 20% ; subapicalis, 3 male wings, 75%.

II. Two cells in first series, the proximal one of these two long and narrow, Ai not angled : pallidus, 9 male wings, 90%, 4 female wings, 40% ; submedianus, i female wing, 16.7%.

III. One cell in first series, Ai angled : pallidus, i male wing, 10% ; submedianus, 8 male wings, 80%. 3 female wings, 50% ; subapicalis, i male wing, 25%, I female wing, 50%.

IV. One cell in first series. Ai not angled : pallidus. 6 female wings, 60%; submedianus, 2 female wings, 33.3%; subapicalis, i female wing, 50%.

Legs. — Light brown in pallidus, femora darker apically and dorsally, tibiae gray dorsally, tarsus black, second joint of last tarsus gray, and first joint of same tarsus gray in the middle; last femora with some hair in the female, and in the male almost covered with brown pile. In the other two species the femora are not nearly so hairy, and there is a distinct color pattern of dark on a ground color paler than the light brown of pallidus. In submedianus the legs are green or yellowish green, the femora apically and dorsally black ; the tibiae black ventrally and, in sharp contrast, yellow dorsally, tarsus patterned as in pallidus, but the middle joint of the middle legs shows more or less pale also; from the apical black of the last femur three fine lines run basally on the dorsal surface of the femur, two of these are anterior (external) and the other is posterior (internal), the apical black occupies I to 2 mm., and the black lines, except sometimes the most anterior one and the posterior one in the male, do not reach the base of the femur. Subapicalis is similar to submedianus, but on the last femora the apical black is more extensive and the lines are less developed, the posterior scarcely evident, and the two anterior lines shorter than in submedianus.

Abdomenj — The abdominal markings are generality obscure, ill- defined and difficult of description. Probably this is true of the majority of these insects in life, and more generally true of dried material. In the absence of any notes on living colors and with

1 In all wings examined there are 2 cells in the second series.

2Ai varies from distinctly angled to straight in the entire series of wings examined, so the description as angled or straight is, in some cases, arbitrary.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV.

Plate V.

GOMPHUS PALLIDUS, ETC. -WILLIAMSON.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57

the material before me, it seems that any detailed descriptions might be more misleading than otherwise. The absence of any extensive, well defined area of black is at once a conspicuous character. In pallidus a dorsal interrupted green or yellowish green stripe, con- tinued from the pale area between the wings, extends from 1-7, this stripe bordered by brown which shades out indefinitely ventrally, ex- cepting on i and 2, where, as generally in the genus, the color pattern is better defined, the sides below of these two segments being similar to the pale thoracic colors; 8-10 are brown or yellowish brown, 10 the lightest color and possibly in the male sometimes yellow. In the females of the other two species the color pattern is essentially similar, but in the males of these two, segments 3-6 are largely pale, the color of the middorsal stripe, with apical dark brown spots on either side of the dorsum. In submedianus male segments 7-10 are similarly colored, orange or golden brown, with 10 paler. In subapicalis, on the other hand, segment 7 more closely resembles 6 (rather than 8) as in pallidus.

Abdominal appendages, male. — Yellow or yellowish brown in color, extreme apex and tubercle of the superiors and the apex of each branch of the inferior black or dark brown. In pallidus and sub- medianus the ventral tubercle is placed near the middle of the superior appendage ; in subapicalis it is placed beyond the middle and in size is reduced to a minimum, the maximum being reached in pallidus. The appendages of pallidus and submedianus are very similar. When the appendages are in the position shown in Figs. 18 and 27, in pallidus the dorsal and inner edge of the right superior appendage is straight or a flat uniform curve; in submedianus this edge has a distinct angle at the base of the needle-like apex, as though the edge were wrinkled or folded.

Vulvar lamina, female. — In de Selys' 3 and 4 and Hagen's 4 the vulvar lamina lies close to the abdomen, but little erected ; in my material in every case the lamina is more erect, and the maximum in this direction is shown in fig. 10. I believe that the position of the lamina in this respect is largely a matter of chance, since there is apparently nothing in the form of the lamina of fig. 10 to prevent it being closely appressed to the abdomen.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES IV AND V.

Four half tone figures from drawings from Mons. Guillaume Severin. Upper two, Gomphus pallidus, de Selys No. 2; lower two, Gomphus villosipcs, de Selys No. i.

All the numbered figures are of the same magnification.

Figs. 1-12, Gomphus subapicalis; figs. 1-8, male; figs. 9-12, female, i, 2, 3, dorsal, ventral and lateral views of abdominal appendages ; 4, anterior lamina ; 5, accessory genitalia ; 6, postocellary vertical ridge,

58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14

dorsal view; 7, occiput; 8, right profile of apex of abdominal seg- ment 8 and base of 9 of two specimens, superimposed and with dorsa coinciding; solid line, Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907, (the specimen from which figs. 1-7 are drawn), dotted line, Williams Lake, Matagorda County, Texas, May 26, 1907. This figure shows the difficulty or impossibility of using the shape of the apex of 8 as a definite character. Fig. 9, vulvar lamina ; 10, left profile of abdominal segment 9, showing position of vulvar lamina; n, postocellary ver- tical ridge, dorsal view ; 12, occiput. All female figures from a specimen from Bay City, Texas, May 27, 1907.

Figs. 13-23, Gomphus submedianus; figs. 13-20, male, Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907; figs. 21-23, female, Wister, Oklahoma, June 4, 1907. 13, 14, 15, lateral, dorsal and ventral views of abdominal ap- pendages; 16, accessory genitalia; 17, anterior lamina; 18, left superior abdominal appendage, externo-dorsal view; 19, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view; 20, occiput; 21, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view ; 22, occiput ; 23, vulvar lamina.

Figs. 24-35, Gomphus pallidus; figs. 24-29, male, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson; figs. 30-35, female. 24, accessory genitalia ; 25, ventral view of inferior abdom- inal appendage ; 26, anterior lamina ; 27, left superior abdominal ap- pendage, externo-dorsal view ; 28, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view; 29, occiput; 30, vulvar lamina, de Selys No. 4; 31, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson (this specimen in copulation with male of figs. 24-29) ; 32, occiput, de Selys No. 3 ; 33, occiput, de Selys No. 5 ; 34, occiput, de Selys No. 4 ; 35, occiput, same data as for fig. 31.

To Our Subscribers.

It may be of interest to some to know that we have no way of ascertaining whether or not a subscriber wishes to renew except by receiving an order or payment from him. So we have stopped send- ing the NEWS on expiration of subscriptions. We have in the past tried to judge who would be likely to renew, but even then some of our oldest subscribers have discontinued after we have sent them several numbers. These copies are seldom returned and we cannot afford to lose them. This is responsible for the scarcity of the early issues of some of the back volumes. Every cent saved in the running expenses is utilized to the betterment of our journal, and we are trying to reduce such expenses wherever possible. One way is by sending all numbers at the rate of one cent per pound in- stead of one cent per four ounces. Thus tardy renewers have to wait until the next issue for their back numbers.

The success of an Entomological Journal is partly due to giving its subscribers the best production for the money received. We therefore beg our subscribers to help us in reducing our expenses by reading our instructions on second page of cover and by having patience. The fact that the magazine is stopped is in no way a reflection on the honesty or financial standing of the individual.

Vol. xx v]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

59

Preliminary List of Heterocera Captured in and around St. Louis, Missouri.

Sphingidae to Sesiidae Arranged According to Dyar's List of North

American Lepidoptera.

Compiled by PAUL A. SCHROERS, St. Louis, Mo.

(Continued from Vol. XXIV, page 463.)

2810. Catocala lacrymosa Guen.

a. ulalume Sir.

b. paulina Ed- wards.

c. emilia Edw.

d. evelina French.

e. zelica F. 2811 viduata Guen.

2813 vidua Sin. & Ab.

2814 dejecta Sir.

2815 retecta Gr.

a. luctuosa Hulst.

2816 flebilis Gr.

2817 robinsonii Gr. a. curvata Fr.

2819 obscura Str.

a. simulatilis Gr.

2820 residua Gr.

2821 insolabilis Guen.

2822 angusi Gr.

a. lucetta Edw.

2823 Judith Str.

2827 cara Guen.

a. sylvia Edw.

b. carissima Hulst.

2828 amatrix Hilb. a. nurus Walk.

2829 marmorata Edw. 2841 junctura Walk. 2848 unijuga Walk.

2857 parta Guen.

2858 coccinata G"r.

2864 ultronia Hub.

a. celia JEdw.

b. mopsa Edw.

c. adriana Edw.

2865 Catocala ilia Cr.

a. zoe

2866

2867 2868 2869 2870

2871 2872 2873

2874 2881 2882 2887

2888 2891 2892

2894 2898

2900

b. uxor Guen.

c. osculata Hulst. innubens Guen.

a. flavidalis Gr.

b. hinda Fr.

c. scintillans Gr. nebulosa Edw. piatrix Gr. dyonisa H. Edw. neogama Sm. &

Ab.

a. communis Gr.

b. snowiana Gr. subnata Gr. cerogama Guen. paleogama Guen.

a. annida Eager.

b. phalanga Gr. censors Sm. & Ab. illecta Walk. serena Edw. habilis Gr.

a. basalis Gr. clintonii Gr. nuptialis Walk. polygama Guen.

a. crataegi Soun- ders.

b. mira Gr. amasia Sm. & Ab. a. virens French. fratercula

d. timandra H. Edw.

e. hero H. Edw. i. gisela Meyer. praeclara Gr. &•

Rob.

6o

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Feb., '14

2901 2902 2903 2904 2906

2907

2911

2915 2920

2921 2922 2923 2940 2946

2953 2962 2971

2973 2977

2979 2983 2986

3006 3007

3012

3013 3019

3039 3058

3059 3062 3066

dulciola Gr. grynea Cr. alabamae Gr. titania Dodge. minuta Edw. a. parvula Edw. arnica Hub.

a. lineella Gr.

b. nerissa H. Edw. Euparthenos nubilis Hub.

a. apache Po- ling.

Phoberia atomaris Hub. Panopoda rufimargo Hub.

a. carneicosta Guen.

b. roseicosta. Parallelia bistriaris Hub. Agnomonia anilis Dr. Remigia repanda F'ab. Phurys vinculum Guen. Celiptera frustulum Guen. Strenoloma lunilinea Gr. Trama detrahens Walk. Yrias clientis Gr.

repentis Gr. Zale horrida Hub. Pheocyma lunifera Hub. Ypsia undularis Dr. Homoptera lunata Dr.

a. edusa Dr. Erebus odora L. Thysania zenobia Cr., one specimen, by Mr. L. Schnell. 'Epizeuxis lubricalis Geyer.

denticulalis Har. Zanclognatha laevigata Gr. ochreipennis

Gr.

Chytolita morbidalis Guen. Palthis angulalis Hub. asopialis Guen. Salia interpuncta Gr. Bomolacha bijugalis Wlk.

3067 scutellaris Gr.

3068 albalinealis Wlk.

3069 madefactalis

Guen. 3073 deceptalis Wlk.

3079 Platypena scabra Fab.

3080 Hypena humuli Har.

NOTODONTIDAE.

3091 Apatelodes angelica Gr.

3092 Melalophia apicalis Walk. 3098 Datana ministra Dr.

3100 angusi Gr. & Rob.

3108 integerrima Gr. &

Rob.

3111 Hypereschra stragula Gr.

3112 georgica Her.-

Sch.

3113 tortuosa Tep-

per.

3118 Pheosia dimidiata Hcr.-Sch. 3121 Lophondonta angulosa

Pack.

3123 Nadata gibbosa Sm. & Ab. 3125 Symmerista albifrons Sm.

& Ab.

3133 Heterocampa obliqua Pack. 3137 manteo

Doubleday-

3142 bilineata

Pack.

3143 Misogada unicolor Pack. 3145 lanassa lignicolor Walk.

3148 Schizura ipomoeae Double-

day.

3149 concinna Sm. & Ab.

3153 badia Gr.

3162 Harpyia cinerea Walk.

3165 Fentonia marthesia Cr.

3170 Ellida caniplaga Wlk.

THYATIRIDAE.

3180 Euthyatira pudens Guen.

LIPARIDAE.

3189 Heterocampa vetusta Boisd.

Vol. xx v]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

6l

3190 leucostigma Sm.

& Ab.

3192 definita Pack.

3196 Porthetria dispar L., one

specimen.

3198 Doa ampla Gr. 2,222 Heteropacha rileyana Har.

PLATYPTERYGIDAE.

3226 Oreta rosea Walk.

3229 Drepana arcuata Walk.

GEOMETRIDAE.

3232 Dyspteris abortivaria Her.-

Sch.

3234 Nyctobia limitata Wlk. 3248 Eudule mendica Wlk. 3260 Nannia refusata Wlk. 3262 Heterophleps triguttaria

Her.-Sch. 3294 Tephroclystis absinthiata

Clerk. 3323 Eucymatoge intestinata

Guen.

3332 Euchoeca albovittata Guen. 3340 Hydria undulata L. 3348 Eustroma diversilineata

Hub.

3354 atrocolorata Gr.

3359 Rheumaptera hastata L. 3370 Percnoptilotia fluviata Hub. 3374 Mesoleuca lacustrata Guen. 3416 Triphosa duhitata L. 3436 Marmopteryx marmorata

Pack.

3468 Haematopsis grattaria Fab.

3469 Erastria amaturaria Wlk. 3480 Cosymbia lumenaria Hub. 3486 Synelis alabaslaria Hiib. 3530 Eois ossularia Hiib.

3546 inductata Guen.

3550 sideraria Guen.

3561 Chloroclamys chloroleucaria Gr.

Sciagrapha heliothidota

Pack. mellistrigata

Gr.

Philobia enotata Guen. Cymatophora tenebfosata

Hulst. Sympherta tripunctaria

Paraphia subatomaria

Wood.

a. unipuncta Haw. Tornos scolopacinarius

Guen.

Selidosoma humarium Guen. Cleora pampinaria Guen. Melanolophia canadaria

3581 Synchlora liquoraria Guen. 3604 Eufidonia notataria Wlk. 3614 Mellila inextricata var. a. xanthometata

3651 3664

3667 3722

3/47 3803

3814

3838 3850 3858

3862

3864 3865 3867 3908

3911 3916

3922 3923 3925 3932 3934

3939 3944 3956 3961 3957

Ectropis crepuscularia

Denis.

Epimecis virginaria CV. Lycia ursaria Wlk.

cognataria Guen. Therina endropiaria Gr.

Rob.

fervidaria Hiib. Eugonobapta nivosaria

&

Ennomos subsignarius Hiib. magnarius Guen. Xanthotype crocataria Fab. Plagodis emargataria Guen. Hyperitis amicaria H?r.-

Sr/z,

Ania limbata Haw. Gonodontis duaria Guen. Euchlaena obtusaria Hiib.

amoenaria Guen.

effectaria

62

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Feb., '14

3965 pectinaria Denis.

4007 Caberodes confusaria Hiib.

4011 Tetrads crocallata Guen.

4013 Sabulodes sulphurata Pack. 4026 transversata Dr.

4028 Abbottana clemataria Sm. &• Ab.

LACOSOMIDAE.

4059 Cicinnus melsheimeri Har.

4060 Lacosoma chiridota Gr.

PSYCHIDAE.

4065 Thyridopterix ephemerae- formis Hw.

COCHLIDIIDAE.

4080 Euclea chloris Her.-Sch. 4092 Prolimacodes scapha Har.

4094 Cochlidon biguttata Pack. 4096 Y-inversa Pack.

MEGALOPYGIDAE.

4108 Carama cretata Gr.

4110 Lagoa crispata Pack.

THYRIDAE.

4131 Thyris maculata Har.

4147 Prionoxystus robiniae

Peck. 4160 Hypopta anna Dyar.

SESIIDAE.

4162 Melittia satyriniformis

Hiib.

4188 Aegeria apiformis Clerk. 4221 Sesia acerni Clemens.

A Recently Described Psyllid from East Africa

(Hemip.).

By D. L. CRAWFORD, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Specimens of an interesting Psyllid affecting fig trees in East Africa, submitted to the writer by Dr. L. O. Howard for determination, prove to be identical with a species recently described by Robert Newstead, from Nyasaland. A new genus, Pseuderiopsylla, was erected by Newstead for the spe- cies, which he called nyasae n. sp. There is a very close re- semblance between this African species and a species described earlier, from the Island of Formosa, by Kuwayama. The relationship is so close, moreover, that the two species cannot be considered as generically distinct. The description of Macrohomotoma Kuwayama was apparently overlooked by Newstead, for otherwise a new genus would not have been erected. Pseuderiopsylla Newstead may, therefore, be con- sidered a synonym of Macrohomototna Kuwayama.

MACROHOMOTOMA Kuwayama.

Kuwayama, S. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. II :i79, 1907. Pseuderiopsylla Newstead, R. Bui. of Ent. Research, II: 105, 1911.

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63

Body large, robust ; head as broad as thorax, deflexed ; ver- tex broad, more or less cleft in front ; genal cones entirely wanting; frons not covered by genae, but visible as a narrow sclerite from front ocellus to clypeus ; front ocellus above ; antennae short, about as long as width of head. Thorax large ; pronotum very short. Forewings large, hyaline, transparent, acute at apex ; pterostigma unusually large, elliptical ; marginal cells very large ; branching of veins similar in type to Carsi- dara.

Type of genus: Macrohomotoma gladiatum Kuwayama (loc. cit, p. 180).

The genus shows a distinct relationship to Carsidarinae, although the head is not so deeply cleft in front and there is no basal spur on the hind tibiae, as there is in many of the other genera placed in this subfamily (Crawford — Pomona Journ. Ent., Ill, p. 381, 1911).

Synopsis of the Species.

A. Cubital vein before its furcation as long as stem of media and ctibitus ; pterostigma black apically ; female genital segment very short M. gladiatum Kuway.

AA. Cubitus exceedingly short before furcation, many times shorter than stem of media and cubitus ; pterostigma not black apically ; female genital segment long and slender M. nyasae (Newst.)

Macrohomotoma nyasae (Newstead).

Syn. — Pseudcriopsylla nyasae Newstead — loc. cit. p. 105, 1911.

Length of body (male) 2.9 mm.; (female) 3.3 mm.; length of fore- wing 5.2 to 5.6 mm. General color reddish brown to chocolate brown ; dorsal portion of scutellum and posterior part of dorsulum, vertex, male genitalia, and legs, lighter brown to ochraceous ; venter of abdomen whitish.

Head very broad, as broad as thorax, greatly deflexed ; vertex nearly twice as broad as long, coarsely punctate, with a deep fovea on each side of median line posteriorly and a deep sulcus connecting them; front margin somewhat cleft, but not as much as in Carsidara; front ocellus easily visible from above. Genal cones entirely want- ing; frons narrowly visible between genae. Antennae slender, about as long as width of head, black at tip.

Thorax very large, broad and strongly arched ; pronotum very short, sometimes mostly concealed behind posterior margin of head; dorsulum longer than broad ; raetanotum produced at posterior end

64

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Feb., '14

into three erect contiguous, tuberculous processes. Legs short, thick ; hind tibiae with four black spines at apex., Forewings very large, two and a half times as long as broad, acutely pointed at apex, costal margin more strongly arched ; marginal cells unusually large, subequal ; Cu very short; pterostigma more opaque than rest of wing

Macrohomotoma nyasae (Newstead).— A, head, dorsal view; B, forceps of male, posterior view; C, male genitalia, lateral view; D, forewing.

surface; primary furcation very near to base of wing. (I find no traces of the supernumerary vein between Rs and the pterostigma, as shown by NeWstead. Either he examined an anomolous wing or else examined the wing on the insect and mistook the costa of the hind wing beneath for this vein.) Hind wings small, transparent.

Abdomen large ; male anal valve about as long as forceps, cylin- drical and truncate at apex, with the anus occupying most of trun- cate surface ; — with a long, lateral, sinuate prolongation extending caudad to base of forceps (cf. fig. C). Forceps long, stout, acutely pointed at apex, carinate at base on outside ; pubescence conspicuous. Female genital segment long and very slender, longer than rest of abdomen, dorsal valve longer than ventral, both acute at tip.

Described from one male and one female, collected at Lou- rengo Marquez, Portuguese East Africa (C. W. Howard), on leaves and fruit of Ficus sp., July 13, 1908. A thick, white,

Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65

floccose substance is excreted by the nymphs and adults and renders their presence very conspicuous. These floccose fila- ments are unusually long and are sticky to the touch.

Newstead described this species as affecting a native fig ("Kachire"), on the northwest shore of Lake Nyasa, Nyasa- land, Africa. Although I have not seen Newstead's specimens, there can be little doubt but that the specimens before me are identical with those from Nyasa.

Nymph : Rather circular in outline, flattened, strikingly colored ; brownish, with a median dorsal white stripe from anterior end to base of abdomen and a transverse white band on meso- and meta- thorax, connecting with "a white stripe -around the inner margin of wing pads. Abdomen basally with four narrow, transverse black bands, and caudad with a bilateral pair of brown rings with a brown spot in the center of each. Margin of body with slender hairs; sur- face sparsely hairy.

Length i to 2.5 mm.

The nymphs excrete and cover themselves with a dense, white, flocculent, sticky substance, as noted above.

Eggs: — "Pale yellow, when empty pearly white. They are laid upon the surface of the leaves and are protected by a layer of white and rather densely felted wax, the latter extending beyond eggs for some considerable distance." (Newstead).

The Latest Work of Prof. O. M. Reuter.

Tn Science for January 9. 1914. Prof. W. M. Wheel er has a two-page notice of Prof. Renter's Lebensgewohnheiten nnd Instinkte der Inscktcn bis zum Erwachcn dcr soclalen Instinkte. This is a German translation from the Swedish manuscript and was revised by the author shortly be- fore his death, to which regrettable event attention was called in the NEWS for January.

Memorials of Alfred Russel Wallace.

Science states that it is proposed to place a memorial to Alfred Rus- sel Wallace in Westminster Abbey, a statue or bust in the British Mu- seum of Natural History, and a portrait in the Royal Society's gallery. Contributions for these purposes may be sent to the Union of London and Smith Bank, Holborn Circus, London, E. C.

Notice to Authors.

Authors publishing entomological articles in non-entomological jour- nals, who desire to have such articles noted in our current literature list, will do well to send copies of them to ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS, i<,i>'> Race St., Philadelphia. Pa. After note lias been made of the ?ain<-. they will be deposited in the library of the American Entomological Society.

66

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Feb., '14

Standards of the number of eggs laid by Spiders

(Aran.)— III.*

Being Averages Obtained by Actual Count of the Combined Eggs of Twenty (20) Depositions or Masses.

By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), North Queensland,

Australia.

3. ULOBOROUS GENICULATUS Oliv.

No.	Date counted— 1912	No. counted per mass	Successive Totals	Av. per Egg Mass	Max. Min.	Range
I	May i	140.	140.	140.	140.
2		IOI.	241-	120.
3		108.	349-	"3-
4		70.	419.	105.
5		68.	488.	98.
6		78.	566.	94-
7		107.	673.	96.
8		127.	800.	IOO.
9		97-	897.	IOO.
10		73-	970.	97-
ii		134.	1104.	IOO.
12		in.	1215.	IOI.
13	May 5	94-	1309.	IOI.
14		JoS.	1417.	IOI.
15		89.	1506.	IOO.
16		71-	1577-	9Q.
17		60.	1637-	96.	60.	80
18	May 6	87.	1724.	96.
19		82.	1806.	95-
20		119.	I925-	96.
20			I925.	96.	140. 60.	80

The above eggs were obtained from a number of nests in a private residence used as a field laboratory on the edge