HISTORY

OF

IDAHO

The Gem of the Mountains

ILLUSTRATED

VOLUME II

CHICAGO

THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1920

Biographical

HON. JAMES H. HAWLEY.

Hon. James H. Hawley, Idaho pioneer in many parts of the state, a dis- tinguished member of the bar, governor from 1910 until 1912, his record has ever been such as has reflected credit and honor upon the state that has honored him. Born in Dubuque, Iowa, January 17, 1847, he is a son of Thomas and Annie (Carr) Hawley, who were natives of Brooklyn and of Cooperstown, New York, respectively. In the paternal line he comes of English ancestry with an Irish strain, while on the distaff side he is of Irish, Holland and English lineage. One of his great-grandfathers in the maternal line was a soldier of the war of the Revolution, while his grandfather was a soldier ot the War of 1812. Mr. Hawley's mother died when he was an infant, and his father went to California in 1849, leaving the boy with relatives. His father resided in California until 1856, when he removed to Texas and lived there until his death a number of years later.

James H. Hawley acquired a common and high school education in Dubuque, Iowa, being there graduated with the class of 1861. He became a resident of Idaho in 1862 and in October, 1864, left Placerville, Boise county, for California to pursue a college course, and was a student in the City College of San Fran- cisco for three years, taking a scientific course. In the meantime he had engaged in mining and prospecting in Idaho from April, 1862, until October, 1864, save for the winter of 1863-4. when he acted as agent and distributor at Placerville, Idaho, for the Boise News, the first paper published in the state. While pursuing his college course in San Francisco he also read law under the direction of the firm of Sharpstien & Hastings of that city, having previously familiarized him- self to some extent with law principles before going to San Francisco. Follow- ing his return to Idaho in 1868 he resumed mining but incidentally continued his law reading and was admitted to the supreme court of Idaho on the 14th of February, 1871. Mr. Hawley has pioneered in every part of the state. He was among the first to reach nearly all of the placer camps and was identified with mines and their operation in many sections of Idaho in early times. Since be- coming a member of the bar he has practiced law throughout the state, devoting most of his efforts to mining, irrigation and criminal law; has had an extensive practice in all these lines; and has the reputation of having tried more murder cases than any other member of the bar in the United States. Soon after his admission he was appointed deputy district attorney for the second district of Idaho and attended to the duties of that office 4n the western part of Boise county in connection with the mining enterprises in which he was engaged. In 1878 he removed to Idaho City and since that time has practiced law exclusive of other business. He has been interested in a great many mining enterprises in Idaho and other western states and has also been interested in several townsites and additions to townsites and various other business activities in which he has made financial investment, but the practice of law has been his real life work. He was one of the promoters, became a member of the board of directors and the vice president of the Bank of Commerce of Burley, Idaho, so continuing in 1909 and 1910. He was chosen president of the Beet Growers Sugar Company of Rigby, Idaho, and has been connected with several other matters quasi-public in character.

In addition to the usual experiences of pioneers in the Indian fighting of early days in Idaho, Governor Hawley was second lieutenant of a mounted com- pany in the service of the state, organized in the Nez Perce war, but was not actually engaged in the hostilities. He was also commander of a company in the Bannock war but saw very little actual service.

4 HISTORY OF IDAHO

In politics Governor Hawley has always been a supporter of the democratic party. He made his first campaign for the party in 1870 and has been active in every political campaign in Idaho since that time, stumping the state on each occasion save in 1918, when there was no speaking campaign on account of in- fluenza. Also on that occasion he refused to support the major part of the democratic state ticket because it was nominated by the Non-Partisan League fol- lowers who had taken possession of the party. He has been elected to attend five national conventions of the democratic party and has attended all congressional and state conventions of the party since 1870. He was elected a member of the lower house of the Idaho legislature in 1870 and in 1872' served as chief clerk in the house of representatives. In 1874 he was a member of the state senate and in 1876 was made chief clerk of the upper house. In the same year he was elected county commissioner of Boise county and in 1878 was elected district attorney of the second judicial district of Idaho, being reelected to that position in 1880, and was compelled to attend to most of the criminal work of the territory. In 1884 he was a candidate for delegate to congress on the democratic ticket but was defeated by one vote at the convention. In 1885 he was United States dis- trict attorney for the district of Idaho and occupied that position for four years. In 1889 he was the democratic candidate for delegate to congress but was de- feated by a few votes by the Hon. Fred L. Dubois. In 1902 his fellow townsrnen elected him mayor of Boise, in which position he served for two years, and in 1910 he was elected governor of Idaho, filling the office of chief executive of the state for two years. In 1912 he was defeated for a second term as governor by less than one thousand votes by the Hon. John M. Haines. He was several times selected as candidate for the United States senate by the democrats in the legis- lature and in 1914 was democratic candidate before the people for the United States senate, being defeated by J. H. Brady. Since leaving the office of governor he has occupied no public position save in connection with the war activities. He had charge of the first Red Cross drive in Idaho and was state director of War Savings Stamps drives and engaged in several other matters of that kind. Upon the conclusion of his term as governor he again resumed the private practice of his profession, in 'which he is actively engaged as a member of the firm of Hawley & Hawley, having an extensive clientage throughout southern Idaho. He was selected by the state authorities in 1906 to manage in behalf of the state the prosecution growing out of the assassination of Governor Steunenberg, his chief associate in these cases being the present Senator Borah. For the past forty years he has been connected with nearly all the important water litigation in Idaho and has done much to formulate and settle the law on this important subject. In this matter, as upon other subjects to which his attention has been directed in the courts, he has sought not only to win the case being tried but also to better con- ditions in the future. Since his admission to practice he has always occupied a commanding position at the bar and has twice been president of the State Bar Association of Idaho.

On the 4th of July, 1875, at Quartzburg, Boise county, Idaho, Governor Hawley was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Bullock, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Bullock, who were pioneers of Idaho, arriving in Boise county in the early '60s and residing there throughout the period of early development in the state. Mrs. Hawley was born in New York city, and passed away in Boise in 1916. At the time of their marriage they took up their resjdence at Quartzburg but in 1878 removed to Idaho City, then the county seat, following Governor Hawley's election as district attorney for the second district. In 1884 a further removal was made to Hailey and from that city to Boise in 1886. Mrs. Hawley was a member of the Catholic church and their children were reared in that faith and are now communicants of that church. The eldest son, Edgar T. Hawley, married Jessie Williams, of Spokane. Jess B., who is now practicing law in part- nership with his father, married Genevieve Smith, of Boise. Emma C. became the wife of Reilley Atkinson, of Boise. Elizabeth is the wife of E. W. Tucker, of Boise.~ James H., Jr., married Miss Mary Dunn, of Portland, Oregon. Harry R., the youngest of the family, is now a student in the George Washington University at Washington, D. C. The other children are all residents of Boise. Governor Hawley now has eight living grandchildren, four being the children of Mr. and Mrs. Jess B. Hawley, three the children of Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson, while Mr. and Mrs. Tucker have one child. That patriotism has ever been a marked character-

HISTORY OF IDAHO 5

•

istic of the family is indicated in the fact that the eldest son, Edgar T. Hawley, served in the Philippines during the Spanish-American war as lieutenant of the First Idaho Regiment and became a captain in the aviation service of the World war. The second son, Jess B. Hawley, was prominently Identified with the war work in Idaho and the third son, James H., Jr., was a first lieutenant of infantry in the conflict with Germany, while the youngest son, Harry R. Hawley, was a sergeant in the field hospital service. The sons had an inspiring example in the record of their father, whose patriotism and Icyal support of the country was manifested not only in the early days of Indian fighting but throughout his entire career in his unfaltering support of all those interests which have had to do with the welfare of the commonwealth.

Governor Hawley is a well known representative of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was exalted ruler of Boise Lodge, No. 310, B. P. O. K . in 1902 and 1903 and has taken a prominent part in the work of the organization since that time. He is also a past grand of the Odd Fellows lodge and has membership in the University, Country, Commercial and Boise Rotary Clubs of Boise and in the Rocky Mountain Club of New York city. By reason of his long connection with the state, his active participation in the public life of Idaho and in many of the most important business enterprises of the state for many years, Governor Alexander when called upon by the managers of the great San Francisco Exposition to name the foremost citizen of Idaho, unhesitatingly selected Governor Hawley for that honor.

VERY REV. ALWARD CHAMBERLAINS.

The Very Rev. Alward Chamberlaine, dean of St. Michael's Cathedral in Boise, was born in Maryland, December 17, 1870, a son of Henry and Henrietta Maria (White) Chamberlaine. After the death of his father he entered into business life at an early age and later began the study of civil engineering. At the age of twenty-five Mr. Chamberlaine made an extensive trip to Europe and spent many mouths in travel and study. He had always been interested in religious affairs, having served as choir boy at old St. Paul's church in Baltimore and later as lay reader in the parish and super- intendent of the Sunday school. It was his work along these lines which directed his mind to the ministry and led him ultimately to give his life entirely to the service of the church. He- became a postulant under Rev. Dr. J. S. B. Hodges, rector of St. Paul's in Baltimore, and was enrolled a candidate for holy orders by the Rt. Rev. Wil- liam Paret, bishop of Maryland. Mr. Chamberlaine entered the Virginia Theological Seminary at Alexandria and in 1903 came to Idaho as missionary of the Episcopal church and was located by Bishop Funsten at Montpelier, with missions at various other places in Idaho and southwestern Wyoming.

On the 1st of July. 1905, Mr. Chamberlaine married Miss South Williams, of Mary- land, and brought her to Idaho as his bride. On June 3, 1906, he was ordained deacon in St." Michael's Cathedral of Boise, and on March 15, 1908, was ordained priest in St. Paul's church, Blackfoot, Idaho. While rector of St. Paul's in Blackfoot, Rey. Chamberlaine also hod charge of the Episcopal Indian Mission School at Fort Hall, St. James church in St. Anthony, Ascension church at Twin Falls and other points.

In 1908 the bishop placed Rev. Chamberlaine as rector of the growing work in Twin Falls and surrounding towns. Here he remained for two years, improving the property, building up the strength of the parish and acquiring further gains. In the summer of 1910 he received an urgent call from Holy Trinity parish of Wallace, Idaho. After a visit to that city he decided to accept the call. He began his ministry at Wal- lace in November, 1910, and extended it to all the surrounding points in the Coeur d'Alenes. A fine, new church at Wallace was built to supplant the old one established twenty years before, the work at Wardner was revived, the parish of Emmanuel was organized at Kellogg and a beautiful frame church erected, and the work at Mullan and Murray was strengthened.

In March, 1914, Rev. Chamberlaine was appointed archdeacon of Boise, with super- vision of all the missions in southwestern Idaho, which position he held until he was called to be dean of St. Michael's Cathedral.

At the seventh annual convocation in April, 1914, Archdeacon Chamberlaine was

6 HISTORY OF IDAHO

elected secretary of the district of Idaho and reelected each year until 1918, when he declined further election. He served on all the important committees, such as finance, missionary, state of the church, Sunday school, etc., and was chairman of most of them. In 1916 he became president of the Council of Advice, which position he still holds. In October, 1915r he was elected dean of St. Michael's Cathedral and experienced the joy of raising all debt upon that historic structure and assisting Bishop Funsten and Bishop Tuttle in the service of consecration on the 15th of September, 1918. At the convocation of 1918 the bishop appointed him to the position of examining chaplain for the district of Idaho.

Dean Chamberlaine has represented the church in Idaho at several meetings of the provincial synod and as alternate and deputy at the general convention. He is the author of the Canons of the District of Idaho, A Catechism of Church History, Sermons, and Addresses.

Dean Chamberlaine was president of the Ministerial Association of Boise during the year 1917-1918; was a member of the executive committee of the Idaho food ad- ministration during the war with Germany, and served on all the Liberty Loan drives. He has recently been appointed president of the Idaho committee of the nation-wide survey and campaign organized by the Episcopal church.

TIMOTHY REGAN.

In the historic canvas painted by the hand of time the harsher lines of the past are softened, the hardships and privations are in a degree blotted out and events and incidents blend into a harmonious whole, creating the annals of a community or the record of an individual. The historian writes of the picturesque pioneer days, but one who has lived through the period of early development and progress knows that back of the steady advancement resulting in successful accomplishment there were days of most earnest and unremitting toil when the individual was denied the comforts and conveniences of the older east and had to summon all his resolution and courage to meet existing conditions. Through this period passed Timothy Regan, and starting upon his career in the northwest empty handed, he through the inherent force of his character, his indomitable energy, his unfaltering perseverance and his keen sagacity reached a place ambng Boise's wealthiest, most prominent and influ- ential men. The story of what he accomplished should serve to inspire and encour- age others, showing what may be done through individual effort. He reached an hon- ored old age, passing away October 7, 1919.

Timothy Regan was born near Rochester, New York, on the 14th of November. 1843, a son of Morgan and Mary (Burke) Regan, natives of Ireland, the former having been born in Cork and the latter in Dublin. The two eldest of their family of ten chil- dren, Helen and Mary, were born in Ireland prior to the year 1831, when the parents emigrated with their little family to the United States. The elder daughter, now Mrs. Helen Partridge, is still living at the advanced age of ninety-two years and makes her home in Waukegan, Illinois. Eight children were added to the family circle after the arrival in the United States and three of these are still living, namely: Mrsv Katharine Edwards, of Seattle; Mathias J., of Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Mrs. Nona Lauderdale, of Tacoma, Washington. The parents lived for a time in Maine but after- ward removed to New York and thence to Chicago, from which point they made their way to a farm in Wisconsin. There the father passed away in 1878, while the mother survived until 1897. They were consistent members of the Catholic church and people of the highest respectability.

Amid the environment of the Wisconsin farm Timothy Regan was reared, attend- ing the district schools, at which time the curriculum was most limited, and spending the summer months in the work of the fields. He started out independently when a youth of nineteen and, determining to try his fortune in the west, he sailed from New York In 1864 with California as his destination. He traveled by the Isthmus route, reaching Aspinwall, now Colon, whence he crossed Panama by rail and thence pro- ceeded by steamer to San Francisco. He then went up the river by steamer to Sac- ramento, traveled by rail to Folsom over the only railroad line in California and by stage proceeded to Hangtown, now Placerville. From that point he walked to Virginia City, Nevada, and on to Dun Glen, where he spent six weeks and then started with a wagon train of ox teams, loaded with flour, fruit and salt, for the mines of Owyhee

TIMOTHY REGAN

HISTORY OF IDAHO 9

county, Idaho. Mr. Regan walked all the way, accompanied by four or five members of Price's army. Each night they had to stand guard owing to possible attacks from the Piute or the Bannock Indians. On one occasion they had to march all night in order to get away from the red men. On arriving at Jordan Valley, Oregon, in early November of 1864. they felt that danger was over and all of the party went to bed to enjoy a good night's rest. Before morning dawned, however, the Indians had stolen their entire bunch of cattle, which they never recovered.

The following morning Mr. Regan started to walk to Silver City. A soft snow l;iy upon the ground, making progress difficult. At length he reached Wagontown, which contained but one shack, the lone occupant of which was a jack that had been left there because it could go no further through the snow. Mr. Regan felt unable to travel a greater distance that day and there camped for the night, going to bed without supper. At dawn the next morning he set out for Booneville, where he arrived in the afternoon. In speaking of this trip he said he always recalled the plaintive call of distress of the jack as it echoed through the canyon when he proceeded on his way. A two dollar and a half gold piece constituted his entire capital when he reached Booneville, rendering immediate employment a necessity, and he began chopping wood on War Eagle mountain, receiving six dollars per day for his work, the wood being furnished to the Oro Fino mine. From that period forward Mr. Regan was for many years actively connected with the mining interests of the state. He accepted the work of timbering the Oro Fino mine, and when that mine became insolvent in the fall of 1866, its owners were indebted to Mr. Regan in the sum of nearly twenty-five hundred dollars, no cent of which he ever collected. Civilization in the northwest was somewhat chaotic in those days, as in the absence of courts cud lawyers men took affairs into their own hands and more than one fight was staged in the mining districts. In one of these a cannon was used that is now doing duty as a historical relic in Silver City, where it is known as "Old Grover." Mr. Regan was employed for some time in the Poorman mine and when it was closed down in fall of 1866 he joined with five others in organizing a wood chopping outfit, being employed in that con- nection during the succeeding winter. In the winter of 1868 he was in Salt Lake City and with the discovery of the Ida Elmore mine at Silver City he resumed his activities in the mining region. By the fall of that year, however, he decided that he wished to engage in business on his own account and entered into partnership with John Callon in hauling quartz and lumber for the mines. They also operated a sawmill, whipsawing the lumber, which sold for three hundred and seventy-five dollars per thousand, and the two men could easily saw two hundred feet a day. Mr. Regan also engaged in teaming, being thus employed until 1875, when he pur- chased a half interest in the Idaho Hotel at Silver City, becoming a partner of Hosea Eastman, whose interest in the business he bought in 1877. remaining as the popular proprietor of that hotel until 1889. In the meantime events were shaping themselves in connection with the mining developments of the northwest that brought Mr. Regan again into active connection with mining interests. In 1875 the failure of the Bank of California caused heavy losses to the miners of Silver City and vicinity, and with the adjustment of the claims of the creditors the Oro Fino finally came into possession of Mr. Regan. Careful management and wise investment at length made him the owner of the Ida Elmore, the Golden Chariot, the Minnesota, the South Chariot and the Mahogany mines, which he afterward sold to a Philadelphia company, and he also had a two-fifths interest in the Stoddard mine, which eventually he sold to the Delamar company for eighty-seven thousand five hundred dollars. He held valuable mining interests in Owyhee county, while his business interests at Boise were exten- sive and important. He was the president of the Boise Artesian Hot & Cold Water Company and the treasurer and general manager of the Overland Company, Limited. He was likewise a large stockholder in the Boise City National Bank and was one of the officers and stockholders of the Weiser Land & Improvement Company. In all these connections he displayed sound business judgment that made his coopera- tion of the utmost value in the successful management of the corporations indicated.

In 1878 Mr. Regan was married to Miss Rose Blackinger, a native of Buffalo, New York, who came with her parents by wagon t across the plains in 1862, living for a time in Oregon and then removing to Ruby Cfty, Idaho, where she formed the acquaintance of Mr. Regan, who sought her hand in marriage. They became the parents of four children: Lily and Harold, deceased; William V., a prominent busi- ness man of Boise; and Lieutenant John M. Regan, who gave his life in the cause

10 HISTORY OF IDAHO

of world democracy in the recent great European war and who is mentioned at length elsewhere in this work. The Regan home, a palatial residence built in colonial style, is one of the finest in Boise. It is finished throughout in hardwood and is surrounded by a broad lawn adorned with beautiful flowers and stately trees.

One of the local papers, writing of Mr. Regan, said: "Timothy Regan is the ripe flower and fruitage of Idaho pioneer days. He is one of the Argonauts who have blazed the trails and helped lay here the foundations of an empire. Simple as a child in his tastes, easily approached, bearing his honors and the prestige his well earned wealth give him, meekly, a firm and unfailing friend, a generous but vigilant enemy, in charities abundant, he passes down the golden slope towards the sunset, and when, at last, he goes over the 'Great Divide,' he will leave behind the memory of a life well and nobly lived and his name will be carved high on the marble shaft of Idaho's heroic pioneers."

A little time after those words were written, on the 7th of October, 1919, Timothy Regan passed away, having reached the age of seventy-five years, his death undoubt- edly being hastened through the deep grief which he felt over the death of his son on one of the battlefields of Europe. When the final summons came there were hundreds who paid tribute to his memory, commenting on the integrity of his char- acter, his high purposes, his generosity and his loyalty to the ideals which he ever kept before him. Abraham Lincoln said: "There is something better than making a living — making a life." While Timothy Regan won wealth, it was only one aim of his career, for he never forgot his obligations to his fellowmen, his country or his church. He indeed "made a life" that should serve as a source of inspiration and encouragement to all who knew him and an example for those who follow.

SAMUEL W. DENNIS.

Samuel W. Dennis is a well known representative of journalism in Idaho, being a member of the firm of Dennis & Snyder, publishers of the Idaho Palls Times. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, in January, 1867, a son of O. H. and Ardella (Fogleman) Dennis, the former a native of Indiana, while the latter was born in North Carolina. Her parents made the journey across the country to the Hoosier state by team and in the midst of the wilderness hewed out a farm, experiencing all of the hardships of pioneer life and spending their remaining days in that locality. It was the father of O. H. Dennis who built the second cabin on White river, near Indianapolis. He had journeyed across the country by team from Pennsylvania and there in the midst of a large tract of heavily timbered land he too developed a farm and made his home thereon. He was a direct descendant of William Henry Harrison. O. H. Dennis like- wise followed agricultural pursuits but at the time of the Civil war put aside all busi- ness and personal considerations and enlisted as a member of Company H, Seventy- ninth Indiana Infantry. He served under two enlistments, for on one occasion he was obliged to return home on account of sickness. He later reenlisted and served until he was injured at Lookout Mountain in the battle above the clouds. He then returned to his home in Plainfield, Indiana, where he spent his remaining days, his death occurring in August. 1904. He had for several years survived his wife, who passed away in 1900.

Samuel W. Dennis was reared and educated in Indianapolis and Plainfield, Indiana, a suburb of the capital city. He there learned the printer's trade and in February, 1890, he sought the opportunities of the west, making his way to -Eagle Rock in the territory of Idaho, which town afterward became Idaho Falls. There he established the Idaho Falls Times and still has one of the old presses as a relic of his first print- ing venture. He continued the publication of the paper for two years but at the end of that time suffered losses that caused him to direct his efforts into other channels. He filed on land, securing a quarter section a mile from the city, and has since greatly developed and improved this property, which was a tract of sagebrush when it came into his possession, the brush growing to such a height that a horse would be hidden in passing through it. Mr. Dennis continued the development and operation of his farm until 1915, when he rented the ranch and returned to Idaho Falls, where he entered into partnership with W. S. Snyder in the purchase of the paper which he had some years before established. The firm of Dennis & Snyder has since continued the publication of the Idaho Falls Times arid have made it a most attractive journal

HISTORY OF IDAHO 11

•devoted to local interests and to the dissemination of general news. Moreover, Mr. Dennis is the owner of one of the finest and best Improved ranches In this county.

On the 25th of April, 1896, Mr. Dennis was married to Miss Sarah F. Smith, a native of Macedon, New York, and they have become the parents of eleven children. Samuel J., who has recently been discharged from the United States navy, enlisted in April, 1917, and the government put him through an electrical school at Mare island. He afterward entered the Westinghousa Electrical School at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from which school he hopes to graduate. Harrison is attending the University of Washington at Seattle, to which city he went to enter the naval training school, but the plan for instruction of that character fell through and he entered upon a five year law course. The other children of the family are Burr, Joseph, Betsey, William and Charles, twins, John, Thomas, Dossie and Seth.

Mr. Dennis has devoted considerable time to political activity and has been a member of the state democratic central committee for the past four years. His opinions carry weight in the councils of his party in Idaho and he has done not a little to shape public thought and action along political lines. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained high rank, being now a member of the Mystic Shrine. He stands for progress and improvement in all that has to do with the public life of the community and has made his paper the champion of every plan and measure for the general good. At the same time he is a most enterprising and progressive business man and is now the owner of a modern newspaper plant and a fine ranch, on which he makes a specialty of raising Duroc-Jersey and Poland China hogs.

LUCIEN P. McCALLA, M. D.

Dr. Lucien P. McCalla, physician and surgeon of Boise, was born in Alcorn county, Mississippi, August 23, 1865, his parents being James Moore and Anne Eliza (Irion) McCalla. The father, a native of South Carolina, was graduated from the University of Virginia, and later completed the courses both in medicine and in law at the same university. Ill health, however, largely prevented his active practice of either profes- sion and influenced him to devote his attention more largely to interests that would keep him out-of-doors. He therefore took up stock raising and the last days of his life were spent in the Vicinity of Corinth, Mississippi, where he passed away in 1878, at the age of sixty-six years. He was not only well versed in the professions of law and of medicine but was also a distinguished linquist. He exerted, too, a strongly marked influence over political thought and action in the south but would never con- sent to become a candidate for office, although frequently urged to enter the race for congressional honors. At the time of growing disquiet in the south over the subject of secession he strongly opposed the attitude of the southern states and was most earnest in his advocacy of the Union cause and heartily approved of the vigorous policies of President Lincoln, of whom he was a most ardent admirer. This made for a certain degree of unpopularity with him among his friends and neighbors, but he never faltered in a course which he believed to be right. His wife was greatly loved for her many acts of kindness and benevolence during that trying period. Born in western Tennessee, her last days were spent in Texas, where she passed away in 1888, at the age of sixty-eight years.

Dr. McCalla was the tenth in order of birth in a family that numbered seven sons and four daughters, most of whom reached adult age. After attending the public schools of his native state he spent two years as a student in Tulane University of New Orleans and, having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he then began preparation for the profession in the medical department of Washington Univer- sity at St. Louis. Upon his graduation in 1888 he received his professional degree and at once entered upon active practice in central Texas, where he remained for five years. At later periods he did post-graduate work in the Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, which he attended for two years, and in leading medical universities of England, Austria and Germany. On leaving central Texas he removed to Trinidad, Colorado, where he spent two years in active practice, while through an equal period he followed his profession in Salt Lake City.

In April, 1898, Dr. McCalla became a resident of Boise, where he has since prac- ticed, and he readily became recognized as one of the eminent surgeons of the north- west, displaying marked ability in that branch of professional activity. He has always

12 HISTORY OF IDAHO

kept abreast with the trend of modern scientific thought and investigation and has greatly broadened his knowledge through the interchange of ideas in the Ada County Medical Society, the Idaho State Medical Society, the Southern Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Of the second and third mentioned he has been honored with the presidency and for six years he was a member of the Idaho state board of medical examiners, while for thirteen years he served on the pension exam- ining board for Ada county and was also chosen president thereof.

Dr. McCalla was married August 23, 1894, in Taylor, Texas, to Miss Cecelia McDonald, who was born in Pennsylvania, a daughter of the late Michael McDonald. Dr. and Mrs. McCalla have a son, Randolph, who spent two years at Harvard and was graduated from the Georgetown University of the District of Columbia and the medical department of Columbia University; and a daughter, Eileen, who attended St. Theresa Academy in Boise and was graduated from the Georgetown convent, Washington, D. C., and later studied music in New York, being an exceptional harpist and vocalist. The religious faith of the family is that of the Catholic church and fraternally the Doctor is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His political allegiance has always been given to the republican party, with ready recognition of the duties and obligations as well as the privileges of citizenship. Public honors and emoluments, however, have had no attraction for him, as he has ever felt that there is no higher service which an individual can render mankind than through the capable and conscientious practice of medicine and surgery, and in his professional work he has ever held to the highest ideals.

HOSEA B. EASTMAN.

Before Idaho was organized as a territory Hosea B. Eastman took up his abode within its borders and for many years he remained a most active and prominent factor in the upbuilding of the capital city. Every phase of pioneer life is familiar to him. All of the hardships and privations occasioned' by remoteness from the advantages of the older civilization of the east, also the Indian fighting in an effort to plant the seeds of civilization on the western frontier and in fact every form of activity that led at length to the establishment of the great empire of the northwest, are to him not a matter of hearsay or of history but a matter of actual experience. He came to be one of the most forceful factors in the financial and commercial development of Boise, where he took up his abode in 1863, and just as his ancestors aided in the es- tablishment of civilization upon the Atlantic coast, he has borne his full share in the work of development upon the Pacific coast.

Mr. Eastman is a native of Whitefield, New Hampshire. He was born in the year 1835 and is descended from a family that was founded on American soil in early colonial days, when this country was still numbered among the possessions of Great Britain. His grandfather, Ebenezer Eastman, was numbered among tfie colonial troops that fought for the independence of the nation. Following the surrender of Lord Cornwallis he returned to his home and devoted his attention to the occupation of farming. Among his children was Caleb Eastman, father of Hosea B. Eastman.

The last named spent his youthful days upon a New England farm and attended the public schools of the neighborhood, but the opportunities of the west attracted him when he was a young man and in 1862, he crossed the continent, taking up his abode in Idaho, although the territory was not yet created. The following year, however, Idaho came into existence and at that time embraced the greater part of the states of Montana and Wyoming. It was on the 21st of October, 1862, that Mr. Eastman, ac- companied by his brother, Benjamin Manson, sailed from New York city and at Aspin- wall they started across the Isthmus of Panama and thence made their way up the Pacific coast to California. For a brief period they were connected with ranching in that state and in 1862, with a thirty mule pack train, started for Canyon City, Oregon. A few months later Hosea B. Eastman was at Silver City, Idaho, where he gave his attention to mining for a number of years, mining and milling some of the first gold quartz ever sold in the state. The journey to Idaho had been made with a company of adventurous miners, who traveled on snowshoes from Canyon City, Oregon, to Auburn. While en route they lost their way and for several days Mr. Eastman had no food save bacon rinds that had been retained to rub on the bottoms of the snow- shoes to keep them free from packed snow. At Silver City the brothers, H. B. and

HOSEA B. EASTMAN

HISTORY OF IDAHO 15

B. M. Eastman, owned and conducted the old Idaho Hotel for a number of years and on disposing of that property came to Boise, where they purchased the old-time Over- land Hotel, long one of the best known hostelries of the west.

Before coming to Boise, however, Mr. Eastman had taken part in various fights with the Indians and on one occasion, at the time of the South Mountain fight, he was wounded. He felt that the bullet should be removed, but there was no one to undertake this task. He insisted that a hospital steward, who knew nothing of surgery, should do it. The man at first refused, but Mr. Eastman insisted, placed himself on a small table and without any anaesthetic permitted the crude probing by means of which the bulh t was finally extracted. He and four companions had stood out against a band of more than three hundred Indians. It was in such ways that the courage and valor of Mr. Eastman and other heroic pioneers was continually manifest.

Removing to Boise, Mr. Eastman became a prominent factor in the development and upbuilding of the city, with which he has been connected in many ways and through many years. He took up his abode in the city when it was a small and inconsequential village. He aided its advancement in every possible way and as the years passed he- came a dominant figure in its business circles, connected with many commercial and financial enterprises which have had to do with the upbuilding of the capital and the establishment of its high civic standards. He became the president of the Pacific Na- tional Bank of Boise and was also one of the organizers of the Boise City National Bank. When the old Overland Hotel, which was long a popular hostelry under the management of Mr. Eastman, was torn down he erected upon that site the Overland office building, one of the fine structures of the city, and remained president of the company owning the building for an extended period. He was the general manager of the Boise Artesian Hot and Cold Water Company and installed the first water system in the old Overland Hotel. It was this company that also built the great Natatorium on Warm Springs avenue in Boise. He became a prominent factor in the ownership and conduct of an extensive hardware business conducted under the -name of the Eastman & Teller Hardware Company, of which he was vice president and a mem- ber of the board of directors until the business was sold on the 1st of August, 1912.

While a resident of Silver City, Mr. Eastman was married in 1872 to Miss Mary Ann Blackinger, who shared with him in all of the privations and hardships incident to the struggles of the early days and also lived to enjoy the fruits of their later pros- perity. To them were born two sons. Frank M., who was born May 30, 1878, attended the Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, and afterward completed the full literary course in Yale University, where he won the Bachelor's degree. He passed away May 5, 1912. The younger son, Ben Sherman Eastman, was born in Boise and, like his brother, attended the Phillips Academy at Andover, while later he entered Yale and completed the scientific course in that institution, being graduated as a member of the class of 1902, on which occasion the Bachelor of Philosophy degree was bestowed upon him.

Such in brief is the life history of Hosea B. Eastman, a man whom to know is to esteem and honor. For much more than half a century he has resided in Boise and there is no phase of development and progress in the northwest with which he is not thoroughly familiar. At all times he has borne his share in the work of development and improvement and has met the changing conditions, ready for any emergency and for any opportunity. The-e are no esoteric phases in his entire career, nothing sinister and nothing to conceal. He has been straightforward in all of his business relations, has stood loyally by his honest convictions and in the development of his business affairs has employed constructive methods that have made his efforts a feature in the upbuilding and progress of the community as well as a factor in the promotion of his own fortunes.

GUY Q. SUNDBERG.

Guy Q. Sundberg, now a deputy examiner in the state department of finance, to which he was appointed on March 1, 1920, by Commissioner C. B. Walker, was formerly deputy county clerk, recorder and auditor of Madison county and makes his home at Rexburg. He was born at Pleasant Grove, Utah, March 13, 1894, his parents being An- drew F. and Hannah M. (Broberg) Sundberg, who were natives of Sweden. They came to America with their respective parents in childhood, crossing the Atlantic about 1865.

16 HISTORY OF IDAHO

The Sundberg family settled first in Chicago, where they lived for a number of years. The father was a carpenter by trade and followed that business in Chicago in the em- ploy of the McCormick Company for a considerable period. He afterward went to Utah and settled at Pleasant Grove after a short residence in Salt Lake. He pur- chased property at Pleasant Grove, where he has since worked at his trade, thus being actively identified with building operations in that locality. His wife is also living.

Guy Q. Sundberg was reared and educated in Pleasant Grove, Utah, where he attended high school, and later he became a student in Ricks Academy at Rexburg, Idaho. He then took up bookkeeping and clerical work and for six months was con- nected with the railway mail service. After finishing his education he remained in Rexburg and on the 18th of September, 1917, he joined the United States army. On the 6th of July, 1918, he was sent to France, whence he returned on the 28th of April, 1919. His service was of a most active character, for he was in the St. Mihiel, Ypres- Lys and Argonne offensives, but while he had several narrow escapes he was never, injured, although on one occasion his field glasses were smashed by a piece of shell. The glasses were hanging against his stomach, showing how narrow was his escape. Twice the pack on his back was pierced by enemy bullets, so that he had several close calls. He was cited for cool and courageous conduct under heavy shell fire. At the beginning of his service he was made mess sergeant, later became platoon sergeant, subsequently first sergeant, and during the last three months of his military experi- ence was battalion sergeant major. He was mustered out May 13, 1919, at Camp Lewis, Washington. He then returned to Rexburg and on the 15th of May was appointed deputy county clerk, recorder and auditor.

On the 21st of June, 1917, Mr. Sundberg was married to Miss Wanda Ovard and one child was born to them just before Mr. Sundberg sailed for France — Guy W., whose birth occurred May 15, 1918. He was the first child born in Madison county whose father was a soldier in the World war.

In religious faith Mr. Sundberg is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. His political endorsement is given the republican party. He is a progressive and energetic young man, alert and enterprising, and in civic office is making the same excellent record which distinguished him as a soldier in some of the fiercest struggles of the great World war.

HON. WILLIAM McKENDREE MORGAN.

Hon. William McKendree Morgan, who in January, 1919, became chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Idaho, was born in Adams county, Illinois, December 2, 1869, a son of John Milton and Mary (Gooding) Morgan. The father, a farmer by occupation, is now living retired in Los Angeles, California, at the age of eighty-two years. He was born in Kentucky, June 15, 1837, and is a veteran of the Civil war. His wife was born at Warsaw, Illinois, May 12, 1840, and their marriage was cele- brated on the 22d of August, 1862. Mrs. Morgan's ancestors had also been residents of Kentucky, so that in both the paternal and maternal lines the Judge is descended from old families of that state. His mother passed away in 1907, survived by her husband, a daughter and two sons. The daughter, Belle, is now the wife of John Russell, of Van Nuys, California. The sons, William M. and Albert L., have both become members of the bar, the latter practicing at Moscow, Idaho. He is five years the junior of Judge Morgan, who is a stalwart democrat, while the younger brother is equally strong in his advocacy of republican principles. The brothers were law part- ners until January 1, 1915, when the older brother was elected to the supreme bench. But although closely associated in their professional and social interests, they held to extremely opposite political views and during campaigns each worked earnestly to support the principles in which he had avowed his belief, making many campaign addresses throughout the state.

When Judge Morgan was but nine months old his parents, in 1870, removed to Crawford county, Kansas, locating on a farm near the present site of Pittsburg, that state, although the city had not then come into existence. In 1881 the family removed to Bourbon county, Kansas, and the Judge spent his early life upon Kansas farms. His preliminary education was acquired in the country schools and later he attended the Kansas Normal College at Fort Scott. In 1890, when twenty years of age, he set out to win a fortune in the far west. Making his way to Idaho, he located at Moscow

HISTORY OF IDAHO 17

and secured employment on ranches in that vicinity. During the winter of 1890-91 he took up the study of law and on the 9th of October, 1894, was admitted to the bar. In the meantime he had been called to the office of deputy sheriff of Latah county, serving in that position from the 1st of January, 1893, until 1895, when he began practice and has since given his attention to his legal work. At various times, how- ever, he has been called upon for important public service. He was from 1897 until 1899 a member of the Idaho legislature and in 1906 was elected mayor of Moscow for a two years' term. In 1911 he was again called upon for legislative work and as a democrat was the minority leader in the house until 1913. In 1897 he was appointed private secretary to Henry Heitfeld, United States senator, and continued in that posi- tion for five years or until 1902, spending most of the period in Washington, D. C. While thus engaged he pursued a course in the law department of Georgetown Univer- sity of the District of Columbia and in 1899 the degree of Master of Laws was con- ferred upon him. That he has won prominence and distinguished honors at the bar is indicated in the fact that in 1914 he was elected a justice of the Idaho supreme court and by natural rotation became chief justice on the 1st of January, 1919. He is a member of the American Bar Association and is recognized as one of the eminent attorneys and jurists of the northwest.

On the 22d of July, 1895, Judge Morgan was married to Miss Emma May Fried- line, then a resident of Moscow, Idaho, and they have two daughters, Pearl and Grace. The former is a senior in the Idaho State University, while the latter is attending high school. The second child of the family was a son, Arthur Percival, who died at the age of seventeen months.

Fraternally Judge Morgan is connected with Moscow Lodge, No. 249, B. P. O. E., of which he is a past exalted ruler, and he likewise belongs to the Woodmen of the World. Such interests, however, have always been subsidiary to his law practice and his important public service. He wears his honors with becoming modesty, but his position is established by the consensus of public opinion, which accords him high rank as a representative of the Idaho bench and bar.

MISS BERTHA L. ATKIN.

Miss Bertha L. Atkin, of Pocatello, superintendent of schools, was born In Pe- toskey, Michigan, in 1884. Her parents, who were natives of the state of New York, have both passed away. Their family numbered thirteen children, ten of whom are yet living: Edith I., now a teacher of mathematics in the Normal University of Normal, Illinois; Albert S.; Ina E.; Louis H.; Bertha L.; Charles W.; Mabel G., deceased; Leon R.; Walter K.; Arthur William; and Marjorie E.

Miss Atkin of this review pursued her early education in the public schools of her native city and passed through consecutive grades to her" graduation from the high school. She then taught in the country schools for two years, after which sh« became a pupil in the normal school at Ypsilanti, Michigan, and then devoted three years to teaching in Petoskey. Hearing of the greater possibilities of the west and especially of Idaho, she came to this state in order to fulfill her ambition and desire for greater things. She arrived in Pocatello in 1909 and immediately began teaching in the graded schools of this city. At the expiration of five years, or in 1914, she was elected to the office of district superintendent of schools of the state of Idaho. Upon election she filled out the unexpired term of her predecessor and was returned to office in 1916. She had as an assistant Miss Delia Cooper, who has been a teacher in Bannock and Oneida counties and is a graduate of the Agricultural College of Utah at Logan. She is a representative of one of the old and distinguished families of Idaho, her father having been for two terms sheriff of Bannock county and a well known pioneer settler.

Notwithstanding the fact that Miss Atkin has had the assistance of Miss Cooper in her work, most heavy responsibilities and duties have devolved upon her. She has had one hundred and sixty teachers under her supervision and besides it has been her duty to disseminate various forms of knowledge and information throughout the country schools and also to have the country school children furnish a census of the agricultural districts and report to her. Because of added duties and responsibilities she found it impossible to give the proper attention to the visiting of country schools and teachers which is a part of the work of a school superintendent of the state of vol. ir— 2

18 HISTORY OF IDAHO

Idaho. Miss Atkin feels that these conditions will no doubt be changed in the future, for the work as at present outlined is more than can be successfully accom- plished by any one incumbent. On the expiration of her term she took over the Atkin Floral Store, which had been conducted by her sister, Mabel G., until her death. Her work has indeed been of great benefit to the district which she has served as superintendent and to the schools in which she has been a teacher.

Miss Atkin is a lady of dignified but of genial manner who easily wins the co- operation of teachers and pupils. She was chairman of the Junior Red Cross, an association formed for the purpose of sending out tracts, booklets, pamphlets and bulletins in relation to the war and the many problems incident thereto. She keeps in touch with the trend of modern thought and especially with all that has to do with educational interests, and her life has been one of great activity and usefulness.

JOHN LEMP.

John Lemp, winning his initial success in Boise in the brewery business, extended his efforts into other fields and became a most successful investor in real estate and the promoter of irrigation interests of great value to the district in which he operated. While he started out in the business world empty-handed, he came to be known as one of the men of affluence in Boise and, moreover, at the time of his death had resided for a continuous period in the city longer than any other of its residents. Many phases of Idaho's development and progress were perfectly familiar to him and in substantial measure he contributed to the work of upbuilding along material lines.

John Lemp was born in Neiderweisel, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, April 21, 1838, his parents being John Jacob and Anna Elizabeth (Jung) Lemp. He pursued his edu- cation in the public schools of his native place until he reached the age of fourteen years. He was a lad of twelve when his father died and his mother, at the age of seventy-five years, came to Boise, where she passed away at the age of eighty-six. John Lemp, on reaching the age of fourteen, started for the new world, having deter- mined to try his fortune on this side of the Atlantic. It was in 1852 that he landed at New York, whence he made his way to Louisville, Kentucky, where he resided for seven years, largely devoting that time to clerking in one of the leading mercantile establishments of the city. Attracted by gold discoveries in California, he started for Pike's Peak in 1859 and there engaged in prospecting and mining but without any large measure of success. With the discovery of gold in Montana, then a part of Idaho territory, he traveled to that state in a company of which William A. Claftt, after- ward United States senator from Montana and one of America's most prominent cap- italists, was of the number. After they had reached a point within the present boundaries of Idaho Mr. Clark and his companions proceeded to Bannock, Montana, while Mr. Lemp and others continued the journey to West Branch, now Boise, Idaho, where they arrived July 8, 1863. They found a little frontier settlement composed of a postoffice and a few dwellings, together with a smaller group of business houses of most primitive character. Mr. Lemp soon went from Boise to Idaho City but after a brief period there passed, returned to the future capital of the state and remained a resident thereof until his demise. In the early '70s he established a brewery in South Mountain, then a mining camp, and for a teacup of gold dust purchased a small and thoroughly equipped brewery in Boise. He built what was then considered an ex- tensive brewery and from time to time remodeled the plant and increased its facilities in order to meet the growing demands of the trade. As he prospered in this under- taking he made investments in Idaho real estate, his judgment proving most sound in the placing of his purchases. It was largely the increase in real estate values that made him one of the wealthy men of his adopted state. His land holdings included more than five thousand acres and he also had extensive and valuable properties in Boise, adding to the development and beauty of the city through the improvements which he placed upon his land. He erected and owned the Capitol Hotel building and the Shainwald block, also built many residences and business blocks and transformed un- sightly vacancies into beautiful residential sections. He took great delight in Boise's growth and improvement, for from the time when he settled within the borders of the little frontier town his interests centered here.

Mr. Lemp did a most important work in connection with the promotion of irriga- tion projects. He was one of the most active and influential supporters of the Settlers

JOHN LEMP

MRS. CATHERINE LEMP

HISTORY OF IDAHO 23

canal, one of the first and most important irrigating systems of the state. The work was scarcely under way when others associated with him lost heart and became disc -ur- aged concerning the prospect, but Mr. Lemp never faltered and largely financed the undertaking, which cost him a fortune. He encountered many difficulties in the way of slides, quicksands and breaks, but at length the canal was completed and proved of the greatest value and importance to the district, supplying an abundance of water for the irrigation of extensive tracts in the Boise valley. Mr. Lemp also figured in banking circles, becoming an extensive stockholder in the First National Bank of Boise and served for a number of years as its president. He was also one of the promoters and large stockholders of the Boise Rapid Transit Company, which built the first electric street car line in the capital, now the property of the Boise Railroad Company.

On the 7th of May, 1865. Mr. Lemp was married to Miss Catherine Kohlhepp, a native of Marburg, Hesse-Cassel, Germany, born November 20, 1850, and a daughter of William Kohlhepp. who brought his family to America during the early girlhood of his daughter Catherine, so that she was reared in Muscatine, Iowa. In 1864 the family started across the plains for the northwest. An immigrant party that had preceded them had been massacred by the red men and there was much danger at- tendant upon the trip, for the party took with them a fine herd of cattle, always an attraction to the Indians. Mrs. Lemp, however, was largely instrumental in preventing any hostilities, for she would invite the Indians to partake of meals with the party of immigrants and before breaking camp she always contrived to make delicious bis- cuits for them and thus gained their goodwill. It was after the Kohlhepp home was established in Boise that she formed the acquaintance of Mr. Lemp. who sought her hand in marriage, and for about forty-three years they traveled life's journey happily together, being separated by the death of Mrs. Lemp, which occurred on the 7th of January, 1908, while -Mr. Lemp survived until July 18, 1912. They were the parents of thirteen children, seven of whom are yet living, namely: Elizabeth, who married William B. Conner; Augusta, the wife of A. Roderick Grant, of Portland, Oregon; Ada, now Mrs.' Edwin G. Hurd; Louise, who married Marshall C. Simonson; Albert C.; Herbert F.; and Bernard L.

Mr. Lemp gave his political support to the republican party, of which he was a stanch advocate, and he was at all times an interested student of the problems of vital import to the government. For twenty years he served as a member of the city council of Boise and in 1874 was elected mayor, giving to the city a progressive and liberal administration. He belonged to the Masonic lodge, in which he filled all of the offices, including that of worshipful master, and he was also a member of the local lodge of Odd Fellows, in which he served as treasurer for ten years, and was past grand patriarch at the time of his death. He belonged to the Boise Commercial Club and the Boise Turn Verein and he was a devoted member of the Lutheran church. Hi* was a man of firm friendships, of undoubted loyalty to his convictions and of most char- itable and benevolent spirit. At the time of his demise the Boise Evening News said of him: "Many of the early pioneers visited the Lemp home this morning and in- formed the bereaved children of good deeds which their father had done and many of which were previously unknown to them. One of the visitors who had known and been close to Mr. Lemp for years stated that the deceased had done more for charity than any other man in the state, as he was aways lending a helping hand to those who were down, giving generously and helping them onward, and he here provided for a number of men for several years after their day of work was done and they were with- out the means with which to live."

JOHN S. HICKEY.

Among those who were the real promoters of Nampa's development and con- tributed in substantial manner to her upbuilding was numbered John S. Hickey, whose personal worth and business ability, whose progressive citizenship and high standards were attested by the large circle of warm friends whom he left behind when death called him. Mr. Hickey was born at Peekskill, New York, April 8, 1845, and was a lad of but nine years when in 1854 the family removed to Illinois. He pursued his education in the schools of the two states and in 1868, when a young man of twenty- three years, made his way westward, settling at Rawlins, Wyoming, there taking up his abode during the days when the Union Pacific was being completed as the first

24 HISTORY OF IDAHO

transcontinental line. From that time until 1890 he remained in the employ of the Union Pacific in various executive positions. From 1884 until 1890 he was located at Pocatello. Idaho, as master mechanic for the Oregon Short Line Railroad and in October of the latter year he accepted the superintendency of the foundry department of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company at Anaconda, Montana, where he resided until the fall of 1906.

At that date he became a resident of Nampa. While absent from the state for a brief period in Montana, Mr. Hickey regarded Idaho as his home from 1884, at which time he settled at Eagle Rock. It was in 1887 that he took up a homestead at Nampa, securing land that is now the center of the city, and in the intervening period between that date and his death he contributed in notable measure to the industrial develop- ment and the financial and moral progress of Nampa. He was the builder of the first brick block in the city and it stood until the fire of 1908, since which time it has been replaced by a modern brick structure. He was likewise the builder of the Commer- cial building, in which the Nampa postoffice is housed, and at Pocatello he erected four brick blocks after the Indian reservation lands were opened to the public. His activities were ever of a character that contributed in marked measure to general advancement and improvement.

In 1871 Mr. Hickey was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Rockwell, and they became the parents of three children: C. R., who is one of the leading real estate and insurance men of southern Idaho, with offices at Nampa; Cora, deceased; and Juliet. The family circle was again broken by the hand of death when on the 19th of January, 1913, John S. Hickey was called to his final rest. Some time prior to his death he erected a beautiful residence in Nampa that is still occupied by his widow.

Mr. Hickey belonged to the Masonic Lodge at Laramie, Wyoming, having become a member during his early residence in that section. The universality of his friend- ships indicated the breadth of his intellectual vision and spirit. Every pioneer citizen of southern Idaho was glad to call him friend and in all circles of life he enjoyed the warm regard and confidence of those who knew him. Coming to Idaho in pioneer times, he recognized the possibilities and opportunities of the state and took advan- tage of conditions to upbuild his fortunes and provide a comfortable competence for his family. At the same time his activities were ever of a character which contrib- uted to the general welfare as well as to individual advancement. His worth was recognized by all and there are few names on the pages of Nampa's history which are spoken of with more honor and respect than that of John S. Hickey.

The following tribute has been written in memory of John S. Hickey by F. G. Mock, a former business associate and long time friend. It was written Wednesday, during the hour of the funeral, while Mr. Mock was confined to his bed, unable to be in attendance:

"His sun has gone down at noontime, ,

When the shadows had just begun to lengthen."

"Up from the habitation of poverty, as down from the dwellings of the rich, came an unison of sincere regret, for none knew John S. Hickey but to honor, and none were ever closely associated with him, but loved him. In all his social relations he was true as steel, and his business relations were marked by an undeviating cour.se of integrity and honor.

"In the business enterprises of the city, his purse was ever open beyond his means, and he stood at the front of everything that pertained to the advancement and well being of his beloved Nampa. We do not claim that he was perfect, but we can, with perfect consistency claim that his sins of omission as well as commission, were more often directed against himself than any other human being. To his enemies he was open, bold and aggressive, but to his friends he was true as the needle to the north.

"Yes, 'His sun has gone down at noontime, when the shadows had just begun to lengthen.'

"His rebuke was sharp and pointed. I have felt it many a time, but realizing his great love, I knew it was intended for my good, and loved him all the more.

"But in his family relations he shone most conspicuously. As a husband, father and brother, he may be taken as a model of earnest devotion and filial regard. And while the grief of a sorrowing community is mingled over his remains, the universal sentiment is to repay the loyalty arid devotion that he has manifested toward Nampa and its citizens.

"But always in the passing, the living are wounded, and always consolation is found. Even in a case like ours today, the palliation is concealed beneath the pain.

HISTORY OF IDAHO 25

'This world at best is only a little journey towards the Infinite.' The paths of some lie in pleasant places, beneath a sky of clearest blue — a land flooded with sunshine. But into most lives must stalk the grim figure of tragedy. With some it is a con- stant companion, with others only a chance acquaintance. No human being lives long without it, whether he is called at 'noontime' or 'journeys on unafraid into the lengthening shadows.' But for him, there will be no more tears, no more suffering. The grief of his family and friends is too great today to allow of any thoughts, except their sorrow, but this is because they do not understand. Other days will come, soothe our grief — not in forgetfulness — but in the knowledge that the 'Good God doeth all things well.'

"Yes, our friend is gone and will greet us here no more. But we are all better for having known John S. Hickey, and can only say, alas! alas!! a good man has gone.

'"His sun has gone down at noontime, when the shadows had just begun to lengthen.' "

HON. JOHN CAMPBELL RICE.

Hon. John Campbell Rice, of Boise, a justice of the Idaho supreme court since 1916, was born upon a farm in Cass county, Illinois, January 27, 1864, a son of Elbert G. and Mary Ann (Camp) Rice, both of whom have passed away. The father, a fanner by occupation, was born in Maury county, Tennessee, in 1823, and was a son of Ebenezer and Katie (Baldridge) Rice. Having arrived at years of ma- turity, he was married in 1847 to Mary Ann Camp, whose birth occurred in Scott county, Illinois, in 1825. She was a descendant of William Putnam, who was a brother of General Israel Putnam of Revolutionary war fame. Mr. and Mrs. Elbert G. Rice became the parents of eleven children, ten of whom reached adult age, while nine are still living. One son, W. P. Rice, is a farmer of Lincoln county, Idaho.

Judge Rice, the only other representative of the family in this state, was but four years of age when his parents removed to a farm near Jacksonville, Illinois, upon which he spent his youthful days, dividing his time between the work of the fields and the duties of the schoolroom. He attended a country school until he reached. the age of twelve years and. later he had the benefit of instruction in the Illinois College of Jacksonville, from which he was graduated with the class of 1885. He afterward engaged in teaching in the public schools of Chapin, Illinois, during 1885 and 1886 and through the following school year was instructor in mathematics in his alma mater — Illinois College. In 1888 he became a law student in the University of Michigan and in 1889 resumed his law studies at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where he was graduated in 1890 with the LL. B. degree.

In the fall of the same year Judge Rice came to Idaho, settling at Caldwell, where he entered upon the active practice of his profession, in which he continued success- fully at that place for twenty-six years. His seems to be a natural discrimination as to legal ethics and his analytical mind enables him to readily determine the most salient points in his case, which he presents with a clearness and cogency that never failed to impress court or jury. While practicing at Caldwell he also served as a member of the state legislature, to which he was elected on the democratic ticket in 1897 for a two years' term, and during that period he served as chairman of the judiciary com- mittee. In 1901 he was elected to the mayoralty of Caldwell for a year's term. In 1916 he was elected a member of the Idaho supreme court and has since sat upon the bench of the highest tribunal of the state. He has also been active in business out- side the strict path of his profession, being well known in financial circles, for he was one of the organizers of the Caldwell Commercial Bank and has served continu- ously as its president since 1894 save for the period from 1903 until 1907, still remain- ing at the head of the institution.

Judge Rice was married on the 2d of October, 1895, to Maude M. Beshears, a native of Missouri, and they have five children, two sons and three daughters: Elbert G., Homer B., Martha B., Mary Lois and Josephine Eva. Both Elbert and Homer are now in the military service of the country, being members of the Second Idaho Regi- ment, on active duty in France. The second daughter, Mary Lois, is the wife of John L. Heathcote, who is a member of the United States Navy.

Judge Rice is a member of the Christian church, in the work and support of which he has taken a most active and helpful part. He is also a. trustee of the College of Idaho at Caldwell. He belongs to Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 39, A. F. <fc A. M., of

26 HISTORY OF IDAHO

Caldwell, of which he is a past master, and he is likewise identified with the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows. His life work, directed in the line of his native powers and acquired ability, has made his career one of signal service and benefit to the state and bis name is written high on the roll of Idaho's distinguished attorneys and jurists.

NATHAN FALK.

Boise's history could not be written without extended mention of Nathan Falk. For thirty-nine years a citizen of the capital, he was for a quarter of a century its leading merchant. But not only was he a successful business man, he v.as as well a prominent and representative citizen who ever felt and manifested the keenest inter- est in the welfare and progress of Boise, who stood as the champion of its school system, a promoter of its civic development and a leader in many of its lines of activity that have constituted sources of its growth and greatness. It is no wonder then that Nathan Falk with his marked ability, his sympathy and his generosity was termed "the best beloved citizen of Boise."

A native of Bavaria, Nathan Falk was born in ' Egenhausen, July 12, 1847, and pursued his education in the schools of Germany and France. When fifteen years of age he left the schoolroom to take passage on a westward bound steamer with America as his destination, crossing the Atlantic in 1862. After a brief period passed in New York city, he sailed for San Francisco, making the voyage by way of the Isthmus of Panama. He spent a short time in San Francisco, in Portland, Oregon, and at The Dalles, but the spring of 1864 found him a resident of Boise, where he continued to make his home until death called him in 1903. • He entered upon his business career here as bookkeeper for the firm of Hessberg & Company, with whom he remained for two years, and in 1868 he engaged in business on his own account in partnership with his brother David, opening a little mercantile establishment in a small building on Main street, a few feet from the corner of Eighth street, under the firm style of David Falk & Brother, on the 19th of September. The beginning was a very modest one, the stock being limited, while Boise at that time was a little frontier town. The firm used a wheelbarrow for the delivery of goods and there was little to foreshadow the greatness which the establishment was to reach in the future. The methods of the Falk Brothers, however, were most progressive and they catered to the public through honorable dealing and an earnest desire to please their patrons. The business steadily grew and after fifteen years, or in 1873, they were joined by their brother, Sigmund Falk, who was admitted to a partnership. From the beginning the firm maintained a most enterprising and progressive pol- icy, and by 1891 the trade had increased to such an extent that a corporation was formed to carry on the business under the style of the Falk-Bloch Mercantile Com- pany with Nathan Falk as the president. Another change in the personnel occurred in 1900, when Mr. Bloch disposed of his interest to the other active members of the firm, and the name of the Falk Mercantile Company was then adopted. For many years Nathan Falk directed the course of the enterprise which he had established and developed it into one of the important and extensive commercial interests of the northwest. The indelible impress of his personality today still dominates the policy pursued by the company which bears his name. His was a simple creed: "Do unto others as you would have others do unto you and do it now." His ster- ling integrity, keen foresight and executive ability made hosts of friends for him, and his advice was eagerly sought by rich and poor alike and given as freely and honestly to one as to the other.

Mr. Falk's life was one of unselfish devotion to his family. On the 22d of August, 1878, in Bavaria, having returned on a visit to his native country from the United States, Mr. Falk was married to Miss Rosa Steinmeier, a native of Munich and a daughter of Ignatz and Emalie Steinmeier. For a number of years Mrs. Falk was a semi-invalid and her husband's devotion to her welfare, comfort and happiness was ideal. They became the parents of six children: Bella, now the wife of Stanley Gordon Smith; Anne, the wife of Samuel M. Rothchild; Leo, who married Helen Friendly, of Elmira, New York; Ralph, a practicing physician, who married Marion Citron, of Portland, Oregon; Harry N., who married Eleanor Walker White, of Hartford, Connecticut; and Theodore. The sons have all located in Boise

NATHAN FALK

HISTORY OF IDAHO 29

and are emulating the characteristics and virtues of their father in his relation to the commercial and civic interests of the city.

It was while visiting in his native land at the time of his marriage that Mr. Falk was arrested by the military authorities for having left the country at the age of fifteen years without having served in the army. Germany even at that time was most militaristic and the people feared the enmity of the military power. Mr. Falk's friends and relatives begged him to pay his fine and let the matter drop, but he was obdurate and refused. ' He stood for his rights as an American citizen and fought the matter out to a complete victory. He was always most bitter in his feeling against imperial Germany and foresaw years ago where such a policy would finally end.

Mr. Falk was both a Mason and Odd Fellow and was a most prominent representa- tive of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. He had no ambition along political lines, yet he served as a member of the school board and in various other positions of honor and trust in Boise at the request of his fellow townsmen. To his devotion to the schools is largely due the upbuilding of the educational system of Boise and its attainment to its present high standard of excellence. The hand of his genius was visible in many other directions. For many years he served as a director of the Chamber of Commerce and as such his name was closely associated with the good work accomplished by that body for advancing the growth and prosperity of Idaho's capital. At his death one wrote of him as "a man who was peculiarly dear to the hearts of our whole people and chiefly because public spirit, probity and kind- ness were ingrained in his nature. Mr. Falk always took the initiative in steps of enterprise and magnitude and invariably embarked his whole soul in every cause dedicated to the betterment of Boise, a city largely the child of his enterprise and the object of his almost paternal devotion. He was indeed a man with great breadth of mind and reach of vision, one who could make his way through many difficulties and win and hold the respect of any community; a man who was morally brave, the soul of integrity, and whose influence and presence broadened and ennobled his fel- lows. Splendid are the material monuments Mr. Falk's industry and integrity have erected to perpetuate his memory, but the place he filled in the minds and hearts of those who knew him best is his most enviable monument and encomium."

The death of Mr. Falk occurred in Hailey, July 22, 1903. He had gone to join two of his sons in an outing near Ketchum, and becoming ill, was taken to Hailey. where the best possible medical aid was summoned, but all to no avail. At the re- quest of the board of directors of the Boise Chamber of Commerce all the business houses of the city closed at the time of his funeral and the Chamber of Commerce, the city council, the schoof board and every fraternal and civic organization with which he was identified passed resolutions of respect which were memorials to his high personal worth and his valuable contribution to the city's development and growth. From the poorest and the humblest to the highest and the greatest of Boise's population there were heard expressions of the deepest sorrow and regret. The news of his demise carried with it a sense of personal bereavement to every resident of Boise and all who knew him throughout the state. Perhaps no better expression of the character, ability and valuable life work of Mr. Falk can be given than by quoting those who were long associated with him. Frank R. Coffin, who for forty years was a friend of Mr. Falk, associated with him in many important enterprises, said: "I feel that I should not let my old friend. Nathan Falk, go to his last home without paying at least a brief tribute to his memory. Our acquaintance dates back forty years and we were, I am proud to say, always friends.

"We came to Boise in the same year, 1865. He was in the employ of Hessberg & Company, whose business was on the corner where the First National Bank is located. I went to work in the tin shop of George H. Chick, who was where the Telephone building now stands.

"Mr. Falk went into business for himself in 1868 and I followed him in 1870, and nearly, if not the last time we met — indulging in reminiscences of our young days — we discovered that we were the only two of the old-time merchants of Boise left who were yet in business.

"The passing of Nathan Falk is to me a loss and bereavement which I deeply feel. He was a noble and generous friend, a public-spirited and unselfish citizen."

Of Nathan Falk Mayor Hawley said: "During all the many years of my ac- quaintance with Nathan Falk I never knew him to have anything to do with what was wrong, nor fail to be interested in what was right. He was a loyal, progressive citizen, a man whose personality appealed to all classes and whose purse was ever

.

30 HISTORY OF IDAHO

open when money was needed for a good purpose. His loyalty to Boise and the city's interests grew with every hour of his residence among us and he was always a safe man to appeal to in emergencies. In serving the public in what were often thank- less positions, he bestowed that careful attention to the interests of the people that he did to his own and not a detail ever escaped him.

"In commercial circles and private business transactions his word was as good as United States bonds. I never heard of his doing a mean act in his life. He was a public benefactor in every sense of the word and by his death every citizen of Boise has lost a friend."

"I have known Nathan Falk for thirty-six years," said Peter Sonna, "and in my opinion his death is a serious loss to the community. I became acquainted with him in 1867, when I moved here from Idaho City, and during all the years that have elapsed I have had many business dealings with him. I have always found him to be a man of fine honor in his business relations. His word was as good as his bond; whatever he said he would do, he has always fulfilled. In every way he has been very prompt and honorable in all his business engagements.

"He was one of the most enterprising men that I have ever met in this section. He was a leader in everything tending to the advancement of the community in which he lived. He has been in the lead in all the public movements of all the years he has lived here.

"He was wonderfully well liked for a man who had the extensive business dealings he had. Everyone seemed to love him. He was universally respected and esteemed, and I take a great deal of pleasure in telling what I can of his character to honor his memory.

"I can only repeat that in the death of Mr. Faik, Boise has suffered an almost irreparable loss. It was a great loss to the town, to the community and to this part of Idaho."

Bishop Glorieux, on learning of the death of the deceased merchant, said: "I had the honor to serve on committees with Nathan Falk for sixteen years and we had not worked together long before I grew to respect the man and value his judgment. While at all times an optimist, there was nothing bombastic about Mr. Falk. He had a way of sifting everything and getting all the facts. When he differed with you he presented his side of the case in a nice, manly way and was never arbitrary. He was a man of sound judgment and the very soul of honor. Boise can ill afford to. lose such a citizen. I feel that I have lost a dear friend and counselor and I sym- pathize most deeply with his family in their bereavement."

Editorially the Daily Statesman wrote: "In the untimely death of Nathan Falk this city and the state of Idaho sustain a loss so great that it seems almost irreparable. He was- one of the foremost business men of the state and occupied a very large place in the commercial and social affairs of the capital city. His interests here were very large, but still larger was the influence that he exerted upon the development of the city and its trade interests, upon its business methods and upon its character as a municipality.

"No city can afford to lose such a man and The Statesman voices a universal sentiment in saying there are few if any others whoso death could create such a void. Yesterday was a day of mourning throughout the entire city, for all our people hon- ored the dead merchant and all feel a sense of personal loss in his taking off.

"Nathan Falk was a model man of business, a model husband and father, a model member of society. There is no point at which one can touch his character and disclose a flaw. He was keen, alert and masterful in his business dealings, and, above all, he was guided by the spirit of honesty and kept his escutcheon so bright that no rival could ever challenge his methods or his purposes. He had 'the great virtue of doing well what he had to do for himself and those dependent upon him; he had the equally great virtue of doing vigorously and with wise discretion what he was called upon to do in the interest of the public ; and he had the still greater virtues of honesty and truth and charity. He was diligent in all things; he was effective in all things; he was above reproach in all things and thus not only won the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens, but commanded their affection in a remarkable degree.

"It is no exaggeration to say that Mr. Falk was beloved by this people to an extent that is seldom enjoyed by any member of a community. His friends were found everywhere, embracing the entire list of those who had any degree of acquaintance with him, and among those who enjoyed a measure of close acquaintance this friend-

HISTORY OF IDAHO 31

ship ripened into deep affection for him. Thus it comes about that, in addition to the universal feeling that the city has lost one who cannot be replaced easily, there exists in hundreds of breasts today a sense of personal bereavement that cannot be lightly dismissed.

"In the hour of their deep affliction the members of the family have the tender sympathy of a great multitude who enjoyed the friendship of the departed. While nothing can assuage their grief, they have the satistaction of knowing that his work was well done; that he was prepared for the summons, and that he has left a record in which they and those to come after them in the family line will have cause to feel abounding pride. He was one who did not live in vain. His example is set before the people of this city as a shining light, and, though his body be consigned to the darX and silent grave, those who shed the bitter tear over the casket as they take their last look upon those familiar features may console themselves with th^ thought that he has gone to the reward that is the heritage of those whose lives are guided by the light of duty, who do justice, who love honesty, who practice charity and forbearance, who are faithful in all things and who strive, while shaping their own lives aright, to assist others in securing a firm grasp upon those virtues that constitute the foundations of character."

E. CURTIS WARREN.

Among the substantial moneyed institutions of Idaho is numbered the First Na- tional Bank of Burley, of which E. Curtis Warren is the president. To his onerous and responsible duties in this position he brings broad experience gleaned from pre- vious service in connection with banking interests, and in the conduct of the First National Bank he is displaying keen sagacity combined with a progressiveness that is tempered by a wise conservatism.

He was born in Lincoln county, Nevada, December 28, 1884, and is a son of George V. and Maud (Newman) Warren. His boyhood days were passed in his native state and his early education was there acquired, while later he attended the University of Utah at Salt Lake City, being graduated from that institution with the class of 1905. His early business training was received in the Walker Brothers Bank, in which he occupied a clerical position, and after leaving Salt Lake City in 1912 he removed to Burley, Idaho, and has since been identified with the interests of Cassia county. In 1913 he organized the First National Bank with a capital stock of thirty thousand dollars. The bank was established in the Terhune building and in 1915 the present bank building was erected, the first floor being used for the bank, while the upper floor serves as a hotel. Mr. Warren remains as the president of the First Na- tional Bank and is al«o vice president of the Warren-Thompson Furniture Company of Burley, so that he is closely associated with the business development and enter- prise of the* town.

Mr. Warren is a western man by birth and training and imbued with the spirit of western enterprise and progress that has been the dominant factor in the wonderful development of this section of the great west. His plans are at all times carefully made and promptly executed and the results achieved constitute factors not only in the upbuilding of his personal fortunes but in the advancement of public prosperity as well.

ETHEL EMILY REDFIELD.

Ethel Emily Redfield, state superintendent of public instruction in Idaho and a resident of Lewiston, was born in Kamiah, Idaho, April 22, 1877, a daughter of Francis M. and Elizabeth A. (Farrell) Redfleld, who came from Oregon to Idaho in 1872. The father was born in Vermont, September 6, 1842, but became one of the pioneers on the Pacific coast and is now living in Oregon. He was In the United States federal service on the Nez Perce Indian reservation. The Redfield family comes of New England ancestry that was represented in the Revolutionary war.

Ethel E. Redfield was reared in Albany, Oregon, and attended the public schools there, after which she won the degree of Bachelor of Arts on the completion of the classical course in the Albany College in 1897. The following year the B. S. D. degree

32 HISTORY OF IDAHO

was conferred upon her by the normal department of Albany College. Taking up the profession of teaching, she was identified with rural and town schools in Oregon for five years and for eight and a half years was at the head of the Latin department of the high schools of Albany, Oregon, and of Lewiston, Idaho, spending three years at the former place and five and a half years at the latter. In the fall of 1912 she was elected county superintendent of Nez Perce county, in which position she served for two terms, and in November, 1916, public franchise called her to the office of state superintendent of public instruction in Idaho. She is one of the eight women state superintendents in the Untied States and the first native daughter of Idaho to be so honored. She belongs to the National Education Association and has been identified with many movements and projects of far-reaching importance and benefit. She is a member of the state board of land commissioners of Idaho, is national secretary of the Women's Executive League and is one of the vice presidents of the National Federation of College Women's Clubs. During the year 1918-1919 she was president of the Inland Empire Teachers Association, an association embracing the states of Oregon, Washington, Montana and Idaho. Her father is a prominent Mason and Miss Redfield has become a member of the Order of the Eastern Star. Her religious faith is indi- cated by her membership in the Presbyterian church. She is a close student of all the vital questions which have to do with the welfare of state aad nation and par- ticularly along the line of educational development. Her work as state superin- tendent of public instruction is giving marked satisfaction, for she is actuated by the highest ideals, while at the same time her methods are most practical and resultant.

HON. JOHN W. HART.

One of the most prominent citizens of Rigby and of this section of the state is the Hon. John W. Hart, who has served in the general assembly of Idaho, first as representative and then as state senator, and who takes a prominent part in the important business, political and religious activities of Jefferson and neighboring coun- ties. He was born in Ogden, Utah, November 14, 1866, the son of John I. and Martha (Barton) Hart, natives of England, who on coming to America in 1853, went directly to Ogden, Utah, and there settled. The father immediately engaged in farming and stock raising, which he carried on steadily until 1899, when he began his. well earned retirement. He resides now at Hooper, Utah, at the advanced age of ninety-six years. The mother, however, is not living, her death occurring in November, 1904, when she was 54 years of age.

Until he was twenty-six years of age, John W. Hart lived in Utah and it was in the city of Ogden that he received his early schooling. After he had reached man's estate he started out on his own account, engaging in farming and stock raising, in which he has been more or less interested ever since. It was not until 1895 that he decided to cast his lot with the people of Idaho, and in that year he left his native state and with his family located in that part of Fremont county which later became a part of Jefferson county. Here he bought a farm which he still operates, carrying on general farming and stock raising. •

Since his coming to Jefferson county, Mr. Hart has not devoted himself entirely to agricultural pursuits, a fact which is shown in one way by the deep interest he has taken and is taking in the development of the business activities of this section, espe- cially banking. In 1913, he, with other men of the community, purchased the Rigby State bank, which they operated under the same charter until 1919. For some time it seemed to Senator Hart and his associates that the economic development of this section demanded that the credit facilities of the Rigby State bank be extended; accord- ingly the capital was increased and the bank converted from a state to a national bank in 1919 under the national banking laws of the United States and it now does business under the name of the First National Bank of Rigby with a capital stock of sixty thousand dollars and surplus of twenty thousand dollars. Especially marked has been the growth of the bank in the last six years since its purchase, at which time its deposits were fifty-three thousand dollars while opposite the same item on the bank's most recent financial statement is four hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Besides Mr. Hart, who is president, the other officers of the bank are Josiah Call, vice president; F. B. Ellsworth, cashier, and Clarence Hart, assistant cashier. In November, 1918, Sena- tor Hart with others organized the Jefferson State Bank at Menan, Jefferson county, and

JOHN W. HART

Vol. II— 3

HISTORY OF IDAHO 35

of this he is also president. In addition to his banking interests in Jefferson county he is a director of the Farmers & Merchants bank at Idaho Falls.

Aside from banking, Mr. Hart has business interests of a more general and varied nature. He is president of the C. A. Smith Mercantile Company of Menan; president of the City Pharmacy of Rigby; president of the Hart-Ellsworth Auto Company of Rigby and Rexburg, Idaho; and general superintendent of the Woods Live Stock Company of Jefferson and Clark counties. The last mentioned is the largest of the kind in the state, and, in addition to raising cattle, horses and sheep, they also carry on general farming on an extensive scale.

For a number of years Mr. Hart has taken a very prominent part in the publlq and political affaire of his state and community. He is a stanch republican and has devoted much of his time and talents to furthering the Interests of that party both locally and nationally, having served for the past seven years as a member of the republican national committee. He has twice had the honor of nominating Senator Borah for the United States Senate and Senator Heyburn once. He was chosen to represent his district in the sixth session of the lower house of the state legislature and on the expiration of his term, his constituents were so fully satisfied with the quality of hia work that he was chosen to represent his district in the state senate during the eighth session, serving continuously until the fourteenth session with the exception of the eleventh. An interesting sidelight of his senatorial experience occurred when Mr. Hart who, for two sessions was president pro tempore of the upper body, served as governor of the state for thirty days during the absence of the governor and lieutenant governor.

On December 2, 1886, Senator Hart was united in marriage to Elizabeth J. Hogge and to this union have been born thirteen children, of whom two are deceased, namely: Vera, who died in 1911, and Martha, whose death occurred in 1898. The others are as follows: John W., Jr., a rancher in Jefferson county; Elizabeth E., the wife of Alvin S. Green, who is cashier of the Jefferson State bank at Menan; Clarence, the assistant cashier of the First National bank of Rigby; Charles O. and George L., both farmers living near Menan; Sarah Z., the wife of David H. Manwaring, a resident of Rexburg, Idaho; and Veda, David F., Cecil E., Joseph I., and Ivey Katherine, all of whom are living at home.

Both the senator and his wife are stanch and valued members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Rigby, and Mrs. Hart has served as state president of the Woman's Relief Society. Mr. Hart has also served the church for a number of years in official capacity. Under his administration the splendid stake tabernacle was erected in Rigby, and in 1886-87, he did missionary work in the southern states. For several years he was bishop of the ward of Menan, which position he relinquished to accept the presidency of the Rigby stake, in which capacity he has served for the last five years. All during the World war Mr. Hart devoted a large portion of his time to the government war activities, being chairman of each Liberty Loan drive in Jefferson county, which exceeded its quota each time and that without one penny's cost to the government.

WILLIAM HARRY HOLDEN.

William Harry Holden, attorney at law practicing at Idaho Falls, was born in Ottumwa, Iowa, February 14, 1868, a son of William C. and Louise (Ross) Holden, who were natives of Indiana and of Iowa respectively. The father's people were of English lineage, while the mother was of Scotch descent. William C. Holden was a newspaper man throughout his entire life save for the period of the Civil war, when he responded to the country's call for aid, enlisting as a member of Company K, Second Iowa Infantry. He served for four years and six months and was twice wounded, having participated in some of the most hotly contested engagements which led up to the final victory that crowned the Union arms. When the war was over he returned to Iowa and again engaged in newspaper publication at Ottumwa, while later he was a newspaper man of Red Oak. He resided in Iowa until 1869, when he removed to Nebraska and conducted a paper at Melrose for a number of years. Later he established his home at Kearney, where he conducted the Central Nebraska Press for several years. He next went to Kansas City, Missouri, where he published a paper for a long time, and then went to Hutchinson, Kansas, to visit a daughter. While there

36 HISTORY OF IDAHO

he passed away in the summer of 1900 at the age of fifty-two years. His widow sur- vives and now lives at Idaho Falls.

William H. Holden, whose name introduces this review, was reared and educated largely at Kearney, Nebraska, and after mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools began reading law in the office of Thompson & Oldham of that place. That firm of well known attorneys directed his studies for a year and a half, at the end of which time he entered the State University at Lincoln, Nebraska, and was graduated on the completion of a law course with the class of 1893. In 1895 he came to Idaho Falls, where he entered into partnership with H. K. Linger, with whom he was associated for a time, but afterward practiced independently. He has since had several partners, however, during the past twenty-five years and is now associated with his brother, E. M. Holden. There were eleven children in his father's family, of whom four died in infancy. The four sons who reached adult age are all lawyers in Idaho Falls, these being William H., Edward M., Arthur and Wesley. Some years ago all four were associated in a law partnership. The daughters of the family were: Cora, who became the wife of Marion Lloyd and died in October, 1905, leaving two children: Catherine, the wife of Charles Eckhart, of Boise, Idaho; and Nellie L. The family name has become a prominent and honored one in Idaho Falls and is especially well known in legal circles.

On the 19th of August, 1896, Mr. Holden was married to Miss Mary L. Clark, and they have become the parents of seven children: Geraldine, twenty-one years of age, who is attending the University of California; Harriet L., nineteen years of age, who has just completed the freshman year in the University of California; W. Harold, Jr., a lad of fifteen, also attending school at Berkeley, California; Robert, who died at the age of four years and four months; John, who died at the age of two years and eight months; Richard, who passed away March 30, 1918, when eight years of age; and Mary, who is in her first year. Mr. Holden's family has resided in Berkeley, California, for the past four years.

Mr. Holden, however, maintains his connection with the bar of Idaho Falls and has a most elegantly appointed law office, containing a fine library, with the contents of which he is largely familiar. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained high rank, and has become identified with the Mystic Shrine. Fra- ternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Politically he is independent, and his religious belief is that of the Methodist Episcopal church. Through the period of his residence in Idaho he has become widely and favorably known, his ability in the practice of law having gained him high standing at the Idaho bar.

GEORGE RUSSEL HITT.

George Russel Hitt, cashier of the Overland National Bank of Boise and formerly state bank commissioner, was born on a farm in Missouri, November 12, 1870. His fa- ther, J. S. Hitt, a farmer by occupation, has now passed away, but the mother, who bore the maiden name of Phoebe Moore, is living in Kansas City, Missouri, at the age of seventy-seven years. She is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, for among her ancestors were those who fought for the independence of the nation. Her immediate ancestors were residents of Illinois and those of a more remote period lived in New Hampshire. Both the father and mother of George R. Hitt were natives of Illinois. The father was born in Scott caunty, Illinois, June 13, 1842, while the mother's birth occurred in Brown county, that state, on the 24th of August, 1841. They were married in Pike county, Illinois, December 19, 1865, and became parents of five children but only two are now living, the daughter being Mrs. Cynthia Roberts, of Kansas City, Missouri. The father's death occurred in April, 1912.

George R. Hitt was reared to the age of nineteen years upon a farm in Saline county, Missouri, and the district schools afforded him his educational opportunities. He afterward completed a course in Brown's Business College of Jacksonville, Illinois, and subsequently spent a year with a large lumber concern in Arkansas. In 1891 he arrived in Idaho, settling at Idaho Falls. For four years he occupied the position of deputy postmaster there, covering the period from 1893 until 1897, and in the latter year he became deputy state treasurer under George H. Storer and filled the position until 1899. During the succeeding four years he was engaged in the wholesale grocery

HISTORY OF IDAHO . 37

business at Boise but on the expiration of that period returned to Idaho Falls, where he successfully conducted a lumberyard for four years. He was then made assistant cashier of the Anderson Brothers Bank at Idaho Falls and occupied that position most acceptably for eight years. In February, 1915, he was appointed state bank commissioner by Governor Moses Alexander and the duties of that position he most promptly, systematically and efficiently discharged until January 27, 1919, when he became cashier of the Overland National Bank of Boise.

On the 6th of October, 1896, Mr. Hitt was married to Miss Susan Clark, a native of Oregon and a daughter of Robert F. and Elizabeth (Enderby) Clark, who were pioneers of that state. They removed to Oregon from Illinois in early life, Mrs. Clark, then in her maidenhood, accompanying her parents to the northwest in 1850. She was then but nine years of age and the journey was made with team and wagon.

Mr. and Mrs. Hitt are members of the Presbyterian church and in social circles occupy an enviable position, having many warm friends in Idaho Falls, in Boise and in fact throughout the state. Mr. Hitt has always voted with the democratic party and has ever been a loyal supporter of the principles in which he believes. In his fraternal relations he is a Mason, an Elk and an Odd Fellow and in the first named he has attained the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite and the thirty-second de- gree of the Scottish Rite and has crossed the sands of the desert with the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is truly a self-made man and one who deserves all the credit which that term implies. He has wisely used his time, talents and opportunities and the recognition of his ability on the part of his fellowmen has for a number of years continued him in important public positions.

JUDGE OTIS M. VAN TASSEL.

Judge Otis M. Van Tassel, of St. Anthony, a member of the Idaho bar since 1914 and also connected with the Home Realty Company and furthermore widely known in political circles of the state as a stalwart republican, was born at Kingston, Michigan, August 19, 1875, his parents being James M. and Etta (Van Tassel) Van Tassel, who are natives of Ohio and New York respectively and come of Holland ancestry. The first of the family in the new world emigrated to New York city two hundred and fifty years ago. The father went to Michigan as a pioneer and filled various political posi- tions in that state. In 1861 he enlisted in the Twenty-third Ohio Cavalry and after serving for three months reenlisted for the three-year period. He was wounded, his injury occasioning the loss of his right eye. He went with Sherman on the cele- brated march to the sea and was ever a most faithful defender of the Union cause. The paternal grandfather, Otis H. Van Tassel, for whom Judge Van Tassel of this review was named, also served throughout the entire war and for six months was incarcerated in Andersonville prison. The paternal and maternal grandfathers of Judge Van Tassel were brothers. Since the establishment of the family on American soil patriotism and loyalty to this country have been numbered among their marked characteristics. Following the Civil war James M. Van Tassel, the father of Judge Van Tassel, removed to Tuscola county, Michigan, where he was called upon to serve in various positions of public honor and trust. He was elected county treasurer and removed to Caro, the county seat, where he filled the office for four years. He was then elected probate judge and occupied that position for four years. He wan later in several different lines of business but finally retired and removed to Flint, Michigan, where he and his wife still make their home.

Judge Van Tassel was reared and educated in Michigan. Following his gradua- tion from the high school at Ann Arbor with the class of 1894 he attended the Uni- versity of Michigan in that city for one year and afterward entered the Detroit College of Law, from which he was graduated with the class of 1899. On the 24th of April of that year he was admitted to the Michigan bar, after which he engaged in several differ- ent lines of business until 1905. He then came west to Idaho and took up his abode at Sugar, where he followed mercantile pursuits until 1909. He then accepted a posi- tion as attorney for an implement company at Rexburg and in November, 1912, was elected probate judge of the county. In 1913 he removed to St. Anthony and acted as probate judge for two years. He was admitted to the- Idaho bar on the llth of May, 1914, and he has since engaged in practice, in addition to which he is connected with the Home Realty Company, which he organized and incorporated in January, 1917. He

38 HISTORY OF IDAHO

is likewise the secretary and treasurer of the Lemhi Union, a lead and silver mining company in the Spring Mountain district near Gilmore, Idaho.

On the llth of April, 1901, Judge Van Tassel was married to Miss Maude Hess and they have two children: Hazel M., who was born March 27, 1903; and Iris A., whose birth occurred April 16, 1914.

In his political views Judge Van Tassel has always been a stalwart republican and at Sugar he filled the office of justice of the peace. He was named as a candidate of his party for secretary of state in the primary election. In 1916 he was chosen an alternate to the republican national convention, held in Chicago. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has been chief of staff on the staff of the brigadier general of the Patriarch Militant of Odd Fellows in Idaho, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. His religious faith is that of the Presbyterian church. He is a man of progressive spirit, keenly interested in the vital questions of the day, and at all times keeps thoroughly informed concerning those interests which have to do with the welfare and progress of his community.

THOMAS JEFFERSON DAVIS.

Several months prior to the establishment of Fort Boise, Thomas Jefferson Davis had pitched his tent and taken a homestead upon the banks of the Boise river for land which is all within the present townsite of Boise and a part of which was in the original townsite. For the irrigation of this land he constructed the first irrigation ditch from the Boise river, and under the decree of the district court, establishing priorities for irrigation purposes, he was given the first right to the waters of that river, and this right is today the property of his children, who hold jointly the estate left by the father, having incorporated the same under the laws of the state of Idaho under the name of the Thomas Davis Estate. The United States land office was first opened at Boise in January, 1868, and on the opening day Thomas Davis made the first proof and received cash certificate No. 1, of which he was always justly proud, and the government records today testify that, by five months, he was the first agricultural settler in the Boise land dis- trict. Assisted by George D. Ellis, who was at the time a business partner, about six months after his first settlement, he built the first house in Boise. A few years afterward and just prior to his marriage, he built another house, upon his homestead, and it was in this house that all of his children were born.

Mr. Davis was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 2, 1838, and, having lost his father in boyhood, was, under the custom of that time, "bound out," and labored on the farm of Alexander Claycomb, near Monmouth, Illinois, and attended winter school. At the age of twenty-three, he and his brother Francis joined a party of seventy-five, which was bound for Florence, the great gold camp. He and his brother were outfitted with mule teams, wagons and supplies by Alexander Clay- comb before leaving Illinois. After a hard trip across the country this band of pioneers were lured by men who had designs on their property, to go by way of a most inaccessible route over the Coeur d'Alene mountains, which necessitated the abandonment of their sun-bonneted wagons, in which they had spent two months creeping along the Indian trail, and most of their provisions, or the sale of these at a shameful sacrifice to their traitorous guides, who offered five dollars for out- fits that cost from three hundred to five hundred dollars. Mr. Davis determined not to be made a victim of such intrigue and, after advising with the others, their supplies were piled together and burned with the wagons, the party completing1 its journey to Elk City, Idaho, on horseback carrying a few supplies on pack horses. Upon their arrival in Elk City, owing to depressing reports from Florence, they abandoned the trip to that place and went to Walla Walla. From Walla Walla, Mr. Davis went to Auburn, Oregon, and then to Idaho City, where he mined with fair results, and in December, 1862, came to what is now Boise, where he made his home continuously until his death, June 10, 1908.

During the forty-six years in which he resided in Boise, Thomas Davis was a careful business man and one of the city's most substantially progressive citi- zens. He was a pioneer horticulturist and, as early as 1864, planted an orchard of seven thousand apple trees, which he purchased at a dollar and a quarter each, this being the pioneer apple orchard of Maho, and, in later years he planted addi-

THOMAS J. DAVIS, SR.

MRS. JULIA DAVIS

HISTORY OF IDAHO 43

tional orchards of pears, peaches, prunes and cherries, and built a dryer, where he prepared a portion of his fruit crop for the trade in the interior, where fresh fruit could not be delivered. During the growth of his orchards to maturity he successfully engaged in gardening and marketed vegetables over the country as far as the mining camps in the Owyhees, having regular days for his wagons to visit the various camps. In addition to being a pioneer horticulturist and gardener, Mr. Davis was a pioneer in every line of commercial and business activity of Idaho, except that ever present pioneer, the saloon. He was engaged in the cattle and horse business, ranging horses from the Snake river into Nevada, with his ranch headquarters on the Bruneau; and ranging cattle on Smith's Prairie and later in Long valley. His range cattle were of the highest type, all being "white faces," and being for many years the only herd of Hereford cattle in Idaho. In connec- tion with his cattle business, he acquired large land holdings in Long valley, and in the Boise valley what is known as the "Government Island Ranch," the latter being for a number of years withheld from settlement as a hay reserve for Fort Boise. This ranch, which is located just across the river from the city of Boise, contains about eight hundred acres and a large portion of it is today in vegetable gardens, which are quite pleasing to the eye of the traveler entering or leaving the city by train or trolley. He was engaged for a number of years, as a partner of the late Charles Himrod in the mercantile business, their establishment occupy- ing the building which today houses the Delano-Thompson Shoe Company, and in connection with this enterprise they operated freight teams between Boise and Kelton. He was a stockholder in the old Bank of Commerce and one of the reorganizers of the Boise City National Bank of which he became one of the largest stockholders.

During all the years of his life in Boise and Idaho, Mr. Davis never sought political office, but he was a faithful and conscientious elector, taking sufficient activity in public affairs to assert himself in favor of everything that went for the best interest of the city, state and nation. He was a firm believer in and cast his vote with the republican party, standing firm with a handful of personal friends when Boise and Idaho became free-silver mad. He cared absolutely nothing for public opinion of himself. He desired but few friends and these he wanted constantly with him.

In 1869, Julia McCrum came from her home in Gault, Ontario, Canada, to visit with her uncle, who was an army surgeon stationed at Fort Boise, and on April 26. 1871, she became the wife of Thomas Davis. They had a family of three sons and three daughters: Marion, who died at the age of four years; Harry, who was engaged in the cattle business, and died September 28, 1910; Edwin Horace, now president of the Thomas Davis Estate, incorporated; Thomas Jefferson, man- ager of the Davis Meat Company; Etta Davis Quinn, wife of W. L. Quinn, of Cleve- land, Ohio; and Hazel Davis Taylor, wife of Rowland C. Taylor, of Boise, Idaho.

Julia Davis was one of the active pioneer women of Boise. She took great pleasure in making the women in the families of the new arrivals in the great west feel welcome and was generally the first to call upon a new family arriving in Boise, going at times to greet them where their tents were pitched beside the wagon trains and before they were definitely located. She was, until her death, which occurred September 19, 1907, active and prominent in the social life of Boise. She was a member of the Episcopal Church and always loyally followed Its teachings and liberally contributed to its support.

Her death so greatly affected Mr. Davis, because of his advanced age, that he fol- lowed her in less than a year and during that time there was coupled with his great love for her memory a desire to perpetuate her name in Boise — the city which he loved and knew he must soon leave, after having watched it grow from a sagebrush wilder- ness. As a memorial to this much loved pioneer woman he gave to the city a tract of forty-three acres extending along the water-front from Eighth street to Broadway, to be always known as Julia Davis Park. This today is Boise's chief park and has been developed with vast acres of velvety lawns, plentifully supplied with shade trees, with flowers, walks and driveways winding in and out, forming attractive landscape features. There is also a menagerie of wild animals and the park affords pleasure for thousands of visitors year by year, and band concerts are given there on Sundays during the summer season.

It would have been a great pleasure to Thomas Davis to have lived to witness a crowd at a Sunday band concert in Julia Davis Park. He was passionately fond of

44 HISTORY OF IDAHO

music, was a violinist, and in the early days was a member of the Boise band. He never missed an opportunity of hearing good music and on the evening of June 9, 1908, he could not deny himself the pleasure of hearing the Damrosch orchestra, although he had not been out of the house for two weeks, and on the morning after attending this concert he was found in his bed, as though quietly sleeping, but life had fled.

THOMAS JEFFERSON DAVIS.

Thomas Jefferson Davis is the manager of the Davis Meat Company of Boise and has other important business interests in Idaho, while for ten years he was a resident of Alaska. He is the eldest son and second child of Thomas Jefferson and Julia Davis, who are mentioned above. Born in Boise on the 7th of March, 1875, he was reared and educated in his native city and was graduated from the Boise high school, after which he went to New England, where he attended the Phillips Exeter Academy of New Hampshire. Later he attended the King's high school in Dresden, Germany, for more than three years. He has been an active business man through much of his life and spent about a decade in Alaska, where he was active along various business lines. One of his ventures in Alaska is a farm on Fairmount island, where he is engaged in raising the blue fox, and the place is known as the Fairmount Fox Farm. He is yet interested in that business, having a partner, who manages the farm. In the fall of 1918 he returned to Boise, since which time he has been the manager of the Davis Meat Company, one of the principal packing interests of the city, while in Alaska he also has oil and mining interests. He is watchful of every opportunity pointing to success and his activities have been an element in the commercial development of this section of the state.

In Seattle, Washington, on the 20th of December, 1912, Mr. Davis was united in marriage to Miss Bertha Roberts, who was born in Illinois. Fraternally he is con- nected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias and he has njpny friends in those organizations. His experiences by reason of his sojourn in Alaska have been broad and varied. In going to the northwest he manifested the same qualities which brought his honored father as a pioneer to Idaho. He displays the same splendid business characteristics and is making the Davis meat plant one of the most important industries of this section of the state.

EDWIN H. DAVIS.

Edwin H. Davis is the president of the Thomas J. Davis Estate, Inc., and is thus active in the management of real estate interests of large value. He is a young man of marked business ability and enterprise whom Boise is proud to number among her native sons. He was here born on the 21st of November, 1882, and is the fifth child and third son of the late Thomas Jefferson and Julia Davis, who were Boise pioneers, very prominent in the business, industrial and social life of the community, where they remained until death called them. The wife and mother passed away 'September 19, 1907, and the father died on the 10th of June 1908. They are mentioned at length on another page of this work.

Their son, Edwin H. Davis, was born and reared in Boise and in the acquire- ment of his education passed through consecutive grades in the public schools, becoming a high school pupil. He afterward entered Notre Dame University of Indiana and later studied in the Phillips Exeter Academy of New Hampshire. From early manhood he has been an active factor in business life and since his father's death has been manager and president of the Thomas J. Davis Estate, Inc., which is one of the largest in this section of Idaho. He was the chief ^organizer of the Davis Meat Com- pany, which is an important and prosperous packing industry, constituting one of the leading productive industries of Boise. The plant is located on the left bank of the Boise river about a mile west of Boise, on property which the father owned. The plant consists of one large main building of solid concrete and various smaller buildings and pens for live stock, together with several cottages that are occupied by those conducting the plant. The entire plant is fashioned and designed along the most modern scientific lines and is fully equipped with the latest improved machinery such

HISTORY OF IDAHO 45

as is found in every modern packing house. It is supplied with electric lights and a water system and its product is chiefly sold in Boise. The Thomas J. Davis Estate also embraces large realty interests both within and outside of Boise, the -realty outside including about seven hundred acres of fine lands in the Boise valley along the river just west of the city — lands that are most fertile and productive and which include the beautiful and famous Chinese gardens, visible to and admired by all travelers on the Nainpa Interurban Railway line, which follows the crest of the hill above the gardens, and they are seen as well by all who travel the public highway along the hillcrest. These Chinese gardens are all on the Thomas J. Davis estate and constitute one of the most beautiful sights in the valley of Boise through the summer seasons.

On the 31st of December, 1907, Edwin H. Davis was married to Miss Marcella Torrance, who was born in Denver, Colorado, November 25, 1882, a daughter of the late Samuel and Anna (Shepard) Torrance. She was reared chiefly in Boise, where her father established and conducted the first foundry of the city. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have four children: Julia, who was born May 10, 1913, and was named for her grand- mother; Thomas Jefferson, who was born August 4, 1915, and was named for his grandfather; Marcella, who was born February 11, 1917, and was named for her mother; and Mary, born September 18, 1918. Mrs. Davis is a member of the Catholic church.

Mr. Davis is a Mason of high degree, having become connected with the Royal Arch Chapter and Knight Templar Commandery, and he is also a member of the Mystic Shrine. He is a most progressive business man who, thoroughly trained by his father in business methods, has become a most active factor in the care and conduct of important interests. Opportunities that others pass heedlessly by win his recognition and in the utilization of these he has steadily advanced the business interests which are controlled by the estate. His life work has added new laurels to an untarnished family name.

HON. ALBERTUS L. FREEHAFER.

Hon. Albertus L. Freehafer, president of the state public utilities commission and a resident of Council, Idaho, was appointed to his present position by Governor Moses Alexander in January, 1915, and has displayed marked faithfulness and efll ciency in the discharge of his duties. His entire career has been marked by a steady progress that indicates the fit utilization of his time, talents and opportunities. He was born in a log cabin in Richland county, Ohio, February 12, 1868, a son of Andrew and Martha (Kinton) Freehafer, both of whom were natives of the same county. The father died in Idaho in 1915, while the mother's death occurred in Ohio in 1911. Two sons of the family survive, the brother being William E. Freehafer, also a resi- dent of Council, Idaho.

Albertus L. Freehafer was reared upon a farm in his native county to the age of twenty-one years and pursued his education in the district schools until he reached the age of seventeen, when he entered the high school at Bellville, Ohio, in which he pursued his studies for two years. When eighteen years of age he became a country school teacher and followed the profession for three years. With the money thus earned and supplemented by money acquired through labor as a farm hand during vacations he paid his tuition at the Ohio Northern University of Ada, Ohio, which he entered when twenty-three years of age. There he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1893. Following the completion of his course he accepted the superintendency of the high school at Lucas, Ohio, where he remained for three years in that position. He regarded this, however, merely as an initial step to other profes- sional labor, for it was his earnest desire to become a member of the bar and in 1896 he began the study of law in the office of an attorney at Mansfield, Ohio. Not long afterward he was appointed deputy county clerk of Richland county and held that position until 1900, at the same time keeping up his law studies. In May, 1900, he removed to Scofield, Utah, where he was principal of the public schools for two years, and his wife was also one of the teachers there.

It was on the 18th of August, 1897, in Mansfield, Ohio, that Mr. Freehafer was married to Miss Olive Robinson, who was born and reared on a farm in the same neighborhood in which her husband's youth was passed. In fact they were school- mates. She also is^a graduate of the Ohio Northern University and, like him, she be- came a teacher. In August, 1902, they removed to Council. Idaho, and Mr. Freehafer

46 HISTORY OF IDAHO

was principal of the schools of that place for three years, his wife teaching during the same time. In the meantime he had continued his law studies and in June, 1905, successfully passed the required examination that secured him admission to the bar. He then entered upon the active practice of his profession in Council, where he re- mained from 1905 until 1915, when he was appointed a member of the public utilities commission by Governor Alexander and is still continuing in that office, in which he is making an excellent record. This is not his first public service in Idaho, however. He was for one term, from 1907 until 1909, a member of the house of representatives and was the democratic minority leader in the assembly. He afterward served for two terms in the state senate, from 1909 until 1913, representing Washington county. During that period he was the author of the bill which created Adams county from a portion of Washington county and was connected with other important legislation. Mr. Freehafer had taken up a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres near Council in 1905 and is still the owner of that property.

Mr. and Mrs. Freehafer have become the parents of two living children, Marie and Paul, the former now a graduate of Idaho State University. The religious faith of the family is that of the Congregational church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful interest, Mr. Freehafer serving at the present time as superintendent of the Sunday school in the First Congregational church at Boise. Fraternally he is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, while along the strict path of his profession he has membership with the Idaho State Bar Association and the American Bar Association.

ALBERT JASON KNOLLIN.

Albert Jason Knollin is a man of fine physical proportions whose physique is but the index of his character. He is a big man in the fullest sense of the term — broad- minded, progressive, enterprising, who is not only a leader in local affairs but is rec- ognized as one of the most prominent sheepmen of the entire west. There are perhaps few others who have contributed so largely to the- development of the sheep industry in America as Albert Jason Knollin, who is still a prominent stockman of Idaho.

He was born in Montgomery county, New York, April 21, 1862, and is a sjn of James and Cornelia Knollin. His father, a native of New Brunswick, born in 1831, came to the United States when twenty-one years of age and assisted in preparing the first ties for railroad use in Canada. After crossing the boundary into this country he engaged in farming and in the raising of live stock. His wife was born in New York in 1832 and after residing for some time in that state they removed to Macoupin county, Illinois, where Mr. Knollin engaged in the live stock business. Later he became a well known live stock man of St. Louis, Missouri.

Albert J. Knollin, previous to the completion of his public school education at the age of seventeen years, had served an apprenticeship at farming, taking up active work along that line when a little lad of eleven. When seventeen years of age he began dealing in live stock, largely handling sheep and butchering in St. Louis. In 1883 he established a butchering business in Kansas City, Missouri, and in 1888 sold a half in- terest in his business to Swift & Company of Chicago. From 1885 until 1890 he bought sheep for the Swift corporation on a commission basis and in 1890 assumed charge of their entire sheep interests, having disposed of his remaining interest in the Kansas City butchering business to them. During his association with Swift & Com- pany at Kansas City they established feed yards in both Kansas and Nebraska so as to insure a supply of sheep at all times. Mr. Knollin bought the first sheep ever brought from Texas for northern consumption. To stock the feed yards he found it necessary to ship sheep from the Lone Star state, also from Arizona and New Mexico. In many in- stances the sheep had to be driven many miles before reaching the nearest railroad point. On one occasion he drove his sheep from the south as far as Hutchinson, Kan- sas, to be fed and later shipped on by rail. This was in 1890. In 1888 and 1889 the company bought hay at from a dollar and a half to two dollars per ton to feed the sheep, also paid twelve and a half cents per bushel for corn and from twelve to fifteen cents per bushel for oats, delivered at the feed yards. Mr. Knollin remained with Swift & Company until 1891, his headquarters being in Chicago the last year.

He then returned to Kansas City, where he engaged in farming and sheep raising, and in the fall of 1891 he again began sheep buying on his own Account, following

ALBERT J. KNOLLIN

HISTORY OF IDAHO 49

this throughout Utah. It was during the winter of that year that he established the present method, which later became universal, of feeding lambs and yearlings. In 1894 he entered into partnership with Edward F. Swift under the firm name of A. J. Knollin & Company and they built up a very large business, handling over eight hundred thousand head of sheep per year, buying in Montana, Washington, Idaho, California, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico, trailing and shipping from those states to the corn belt in Kansas and Nebraska and owning at one time as many as four hundred thousand head of sheep in ten different states and territories. At the same time they engaged in farming operations in Nebraska, Kansas and Illinois and owned ranches in Utah, Idaho and New Mexico, their wool clipping running as high as two million pounds per year. In 1899 it was almost impossible to sell their wool clip at any price. Some of the wool was freighted by wagon from the Little Lost River country to Dubois, Idaho, at a cost of one cent per pound, netting them but eight cents per pound. During this period on his visit to Idaho, Mr. Knollin became convinced that the state possessed advantages over other states for the raising of sheep and lambs, so the firm centered its business in Idaho, with ranches throughout the state and with the main office at Soda Springs, while ranch headquarters were maintained at Rexburg, Dubois, Lost River, Emmett, Bruneau and Raft River. At the same time the firm owned other ranches in New Mexico and Utah. In 1902 Mr. Knollin dissolved his partnership with Mr. Swift but continued in the sheep business in New Mexico and Idaho. In 1912 he disposed of his New Mexico interests but still owns a fifteen hundred acre farm located about eight miles from the city limits of Kansas City, Kansas, which he purchased in 1885.

In 1898 Mr. Knollin turned his attention to the raising of thoroughbred stock, for which he has a demand from all parts of the United States. In 1919 he shipped breed- ing stock, including Shropshires, Hampshires, Oxfords, Cotswolds, Lincolns, Ram- bouillets and Romneys, the latter being imported from New Zealand, the shipments being made to California, Oregon, Washington, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Utah, Colorado, Tennessee, Louisiana, New York, Massachusetts, Iowa, Illinois and Virginia, as well as a great number being distributed in the state of Idaho. He also had inquiries from every state in the Union but could not supply the stock, although he is the largest breeder of pure bred sheep in the entire country. He also has the pure bred Belgian horse on his farm in Kansas and shorthorn cattle and Berkshire hogs in Idaho. He has repeatedly captured the first prizes at state and national expositions and has never lost the trophy for carload lots of fat lambs bred and fed in Idaho. In exhibiting his prizes, ribbons and cups at the various expositions he has done more to advertise Idaho than perhaps any other individual. There is not a road or path in this state that he has not either ridden or driven over, and he has done more for sheep raising in the states of Idaho, New Mexico, Texas and Utah than any one individual. Many of the most successful sheepmen of the present day in Idaho were at one time his employes. In 1894 he established the first exclusive commission sheep business in Kansas City with C. J. Booth. This business prospered so well that in 1900 the firm established commission houses in South St. Joseph, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska. In

1903 Mr. Knollin purchased Mr. Booth's interest and opened a house in Chicago in

1904 and one in Denver in 1905 but in 1916 discontinued those houses. The business was conducted under the name of the Knollin Sheep Commission Company. They were the largest handlers of sheep on a commission basis, averaging about eight thousand double deck cars, or two million sheep, per year. Mr. Knollin estimates that he has probably handled as many sheep during his career as there are in the United States today, during which time he has had many trials to contend with but persistency of purpose has enabled him to overcome all obstacles and reach a foremost position of leadership in connection with the sheep industry in America.

Mr. Knollin first came to Idaho in 1894, making his home at Soda Springs. In 1917 he returned to this state and is now a resident of Pocatello. He owns eight thousand acres of agricultural land in Bannock, Butte a«d Caribou counties, on which he raises all his own feed and hay, last year harvesting forty-four hundred tons of hay and two and a half million pounds of grain. He employs one hundred and twenty- five men in this state alone. During the last few years he has been locating farmers on his land on the Little Lost river, where he maintains a school with an attendance of twenty-five pupils, all living upon his ranch. The Child Welfare League reported seventeen children five years of age and under. The value of his service in the devel- opment of Idaho cannot be overestimated.

On the 1st of January, 1891, Mr. Knollin was married to Miss Cora Wells, of Vol. n— 4

50 HISTORY OF IDAHO

Bradford county, Pennsylvania. She is a daughter of Charles and Almira (Mason) Wells. Her father was born in New York but lived the greater part of his life in Penn- sylvania. He was a naval officer under Farragut at New Orleans and in Mobile bay during the Civil war. The mother was born in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, and is a niece of Newton E. Mason, a retired admiral of the United States navy, who was officer in charge of Admiral Schley's flagship in Cuba during the Spanish-American war. Mr. and Mrs. Knollin became the parents of the following children. James Charles, the eldest, is editor of the Orchard & Farm of Los Angeles, California. Loyal C. was a member of the Gas and Flame Corps, serving as corporal with Company A of the First Gas Regiment in France. This work took the company to the front with all the allied armies save that of Italy. Before going to the war Loyal C. Knollin had man- aged his father's farm in Kansas. His splendid military record is but the expression of the name which he bears. Albert J., Jr., attending the Wisconsin State University, was graduated from the Westport high school of Kansas City in 1918 and is now pursu- ing a civil engineering course. The youngest child, Mabel Mary, is attending Miss Barstow's School for Girls at Kansas City, Missouri, in which her mother taught be- fore her marriage. This daughter owns a flock of pure bred sheep on the range in Idaho. Mr. and Mrs. Knollin also lost two sons: Edgar, who died at the age of ten months ; and Robert, when but three years of age.

Mr. Knollin is over six feet in height and of athletic build, appearing much younger than he really is. He is a man of polished manner and his wife is an accomplished lady, their home being one of comfort and refinement. His success is due to no unusual circumstances. He had no special educational training but throughout his life he has been alert to every opportunity for advancement and has used his opportunities wisely and well. Each forward step that he has made has brought him still broader chances — but such as any other man might have won. It has been because he has used his opportunities that Albert Jason Knollin stands today as the foremost raiser of pure bred sheep in the United States.

MRS. STELLA B. BALDERSTON.

Mrs. Stella B. Balderston, state librarian of Boise, has held that position, per- forming its exacting duties in a most capable manner, since 1914, when she was ap- pointed to the place by the state supreme court. She is the widow of the late William Balderston, who passed away in 1914, at which time he was register of the United States land office. Previously, for eighteen years, he had been editor of the Idaho Daily Statesman. William Balderston was born in Cecil county, Maryland, August 30, 1856, and was a representative of one of the old Quaker families of that state. In the maternal line he was a great-grandson of Betsy Ross, who made the first American flag. William Balderston acquired his education in a Quaker school at West- town, Pennsylvania. Throughout his business career he was identified with news- paper interests and for many years 'before coming to Idaho was editor of papers in both Colorado and Utah. For several years he was editor of the Aspen Times of Colorado and later of the Salt Lake (Utah) Times. Coming to Boise, he assumed the editorship of the Daily Statesman in the early '90s. He did much to develop that paper and make it the power that it is today. He was an ardent supporter of the woman suffrage cause and was largely responsible for its ultimate victory in Idaho. The first suffrage meeting ever held in the state was at his home in Boise. He stood stanchly for every cause in which he believed and was a fearless supporter of any project or plan which he considered of real value and worth to community or common- wealth.

In Salt Lake City, on the 6th of June, 1891, William Balderston was united in marriage to Miss Stella B. Sain, who at the time was a teacher, having for six years prior to her marriage taught in the public schools of Aspen, Colorado. She was born in Hocking county, Ohio, August 2, 1864, and is a daughter of Isaiah F. Sain, who was born in Vinton county, Ohio, and was of French descent. His life was devoted to the practice of law, for which profession he early qualified. To Mr. and Mrs. Balderston were born four children, a son and three daughters: Elizabeth Canby, who was gradu- ated from Drexel Institute of Philadelphia, and is now the wife of William Water Lindsey; Katharine Canby, who was graduated from Wellesley College, Boston, Massa- chusetts, and is now a student at Harvard University; William, who during his junior

HISTORY OF IDAHO 51

year at the University of Wisconsin entered the Officers Reserve Training School at Camp Dodge, Iowa; was later commissioned second lieutenant at Camp Taylor, Louis- ville, Kentucky, and first lieutenant at Camp Mead, Maryland, being ready to sail when the armistice was signed; and Stella Marl, who was graduated from the Boise high school and is now a student at Wellesley College, Boston, Massachusetts.

The family has long occupied an enviable position in social circles of the city, especially where the individual is rated by personal worth and intellectual force rather than by wealth. Mrs. Balderston, like her husband, has ever been deeply interested in the questions of the day, especially those relating to the upbuilding and progress of her adopted city and state, and her capability led to her selection for the important office which she is now filling after the death of her husband, who was one of the best known citizens of Idaho — a man who in his editorial and official capacity contributed in large measure to the development of the state.

JAMES H. LOWELL.

James H. Lowell has for many years been a prominent figure in banking circles and in connection with the development of the irrigation interests of the state. He has always carefully noted the trend of the times and with marvelous prescience has recognized the opportunities and conditions of the future, laboring to utilize the one and meet the other in a way contributory to the growth and improvement of the state at large.

Mr. Lowell was born at New Bedford, Massachusetts, May 4, 1860, and completed his education by graduation from the high school of Bloomington, Illinois, with the class of 1877. He afterward went to California, where he engaged in farm work and also in teaching school in Lassen county. He afterward entered the employ of Andy Miller in Humbug valley, near Susanville, California, where he remained for two years, while later he was teacher of a country school near Chico, California. He next went to Los Angeles and after teaching there for a year turned his attention to the land business, buying and subdividing property. He there continued until 1884, when he removed to Hunter Springs, near Livingston, in Park county, Montana, and was en- gaged in sheep raising until 1892. He afterward became a resident of Zillah, Yakima county, Washington, and was one of the builders and promoters of the town, in which he sold land for a year. In the spring of 1893 he arrived in Roswell, Idaho, where, in company with A. J. Wiley, W. P. Hard and D. W. Ross, he built the Riverside canal for irrigation purposes covering about fifteen thousand acres. He managed the project until 1904.

It was in the latter year that Mr. Lowell came to Caldwell and in connection with R. S. Madden entered the real estate business, in which he continued until 1909. He then returned to Roswell and became associated with E. M. Kirkpatrick in the irri- gation and development of the Roswell Park district. There he made his home until 1918, when he returned to Caldwell and spent a year of active work in the Caldwell Commercial Bank of which he has been vice president since 1907. Mr. Lowell became associated with the late Governor A. K. Steunenberg, with John C. Rice and others, in the incorporation of the Caldwell Banking & Trust Company, the predecessor of the Caldwell Commerical Bank. There was perhaps no other man in Idaho more closely associated with the late Governor Steunenberg or a closer friend than Mr. Lowell, the tragic death of the former executive being a blow to Mr. Lowell greater than words can express. In 1898 he was associated with Governor Steunenberg, I. B. Perrine and S. B. Milner as one of the original incorporators of the Twin Falls Land & Water Com- pany, which made one of the first surveys and obtained the segregation of the Twin Falls tract under the Carey act. An important event in the history of Idaho and one that will ever make the name of Mr. Lowell synonymous with the growth of the state was the saving of the Twin Falls irrigation project, embracing two hundred and fifty thousand acres of what is now the most productive and valuable land of the state from becoming a government preserve under the forestry act. While Mr. Lowell and his associates were making their surveys for the segregation of this tract and had spent thousands of dollars in the work Mr. Glendenning of Utah, supervisor of forestry for the state of Idaho, had submitted a recommendation to congress, in which he had very forcefully recommended the setting aside of this valuable tract of land as a great government preserve. His report had been so favorably received at this juncture

52 HISTORY OF IDAHO

that it looked as though the work of Mr. Lowell and his associates and their great dream of peopling the district and converting it into valuable homes and farm properties would be a failure. At the recommendation of Governor Steunenberg and Senator Shoop, Mr. Lowell and Frank Gooding, afterward governor of Idaho, went to Spokane, Washington, which at that time was the home of Mr. Glendenning, for the purpose of interceding with him to withdraw his recommendation to congress to set aside the Twin Falls tract as a forest preserve, in lieu of which to recommend the segregation of this tract for agricultural pursuits, as outlined under the plans of the Twin Falls Land & Water Company. When Mr. Lowell and Mr. Gooding approached Mr. Glendenning he seemed adamant, determined to carry through his original project, and it was only after long and forceful argument that he was made to see the injustice that would be done to the state of Idaho if his recommendation was carried out. He was finally persuaded to yield and to sign a recommendation to congress which re- sulted in the setting apart of this land for agricultural purposes and the great Twin Falls irrigation project was thus carried to a successful termination, so that instead of its being to-day a mere playground for the people of the United States it is now a great productive district, supporting thousands of happy homes, with the city of Twin Falls, one of the largest and finest cities of the state, as its distributing center. Mr. Lowell has since disposed of all interests in the Twin Falls project. He was one of the promoters of the Caldwell Building & Loan Association and is interested in some of the best improved property of Caldwell, including the Lowell block and the Com- mercial block. He was actively interested in the organization of the Boise-Payette Water Users Association, became its first president and active executive officer. In fact, his labors were a most potent element in the development of the association, as he car- ried on the work until the government became interested through his efforts and put through the project. In this connection he found it necessary to visit Washington and put the matter before Secretary Hitchcock, who approved it. Mr. Lowell remained president of the association until 1909. Another important field of labor which has claimed his attention is that of the Gem irrigation district, comprising about thirty thousand acres of land in Owyhee county. Of this he became manager and his previous experience in the development of irrigation projects made his labors there of direct account.

It was in 1898 that Mr. Lowell was married to Miss Florence E. Hard, a daughter of W. P. Hard, and they are now the parents of an interesting family of four sons: Wade Hv Blake J., Douglas W. and Edwin G.

While a resident of Roswell, Mr. Lowell was a director of the school board from 1901 until 1917, during which time the rural high school district was organized. He served as a member of the state legislature from Canyon county in 1902-3 and during that session was chairman of the joint committee on irrigation, at which time the first comprehensive law on irrigation was put through, Mr. Lowell being largely responsi- ble for its passage. Following that session of the general assembly he was appointed state irrigation commissioner by Governor Morrison and was afterward reappointed by Governor Brady, remaining in the office until 1910, when he resigned. From the standpoint of a citizen, however, he still takes a deep interest in politics. He is thor- oughly informed concerning the subject of irrigation, and his contributions to maga- zines on this subject are most interesting and instructive.

JOSEPH PINKHAM.

A history of Idaho would be incomplete if mention were not made of the subject of this sketch, now in his eighty-seventh year, a former territorial United States mar- shal and by appointment from President Harrison in 1891 became the first United States marshal of Idaho after statehood, and an Indian fighter, stage-driver and for a number of years in charge of the United States assay office in Boise but now living retired in enjoyment of a well earned rest.

Joseph Pinkham was born in Ontario, Canada, December 15, 1833, a son of Hanson and Rachel (Pickle) Pinkham, both of whom were natives of New Brunswick, Maine. He is a descendant of Richard Pinkham, who came to America in 1633.

The following is taken from the Idaho Magazine, February, 1906:

"In Joseph Pinkham we find a man who has given the best of his life to the service of Idaho. During most of the years he has lived here, both before and since Idaho

JOSEPH PINKHAM

HISTORY OF IDAHO 55

became a state, he has been, in one capacity and another, a servant of the public. He has discharged his duties faithfully and conscientiously. Public criticism has never been able to chalk up a black mark on his record sheet His every effort has been aimed at the betterment of Idaho, towards the advancement of the interest of her inhabitants, and towards the enforcement of her laws. He has helped to make Idaho a state de- sirable for homeseekers. When fourteen years of age, his father died, and at seventeen years he left his boyhood home, went to New York, and shipped on board a sailing vessel, bound for San Francisco around Cape Horn. The voyage was an uneventful one and consumed eight months. He arrived at his destination in the fall of 1850 and secured work in a hay market. During the following two or three years he worked as a clerk in the stores and at other employment in Sacramento, Shasta City and Yreka. In 1853 Mr. Pinkham spent several months in mining about Pitt River, California, later returning to Yreka and joining his brother Ebenezer in a trip to Oregon. They arrived at Jacksonville, Oregon, on the very day when the famous Rogue River Indian war began. They remained there during the war, helped subdue the red men and, at intervals, engaged in mining. In 1855 Mr. Pinkham engaged in packing freight from Crescent City, California, to various points in Oregon. In 1856 he became engaged in cattle raising. This venture turned out to be disastrous, for during the severe weather of the spring of 1861, their herd of about fiye hundred caltle was reduced to thirty-five. In 1863 he went to Umatilla, where for over four years he acted as agent for the Over- land Stage Company. He helped out the first stage stock on the Blue Mountains, over the same route now followed by the S. L. Railroad. In 1868 the two Pinkham brothers moved to Idaho City and purchased the stage lines running between Boise and Idaho City, and across the Basin, under the name of the Boise Basin Stage Company. Mr. Pinkham was thus engaged until March 15, 1870, when he received from President Grant his first appointment as United States marshal for Idaho. This office he held for several months over two terms, being reappointed at the beginning of President Grant's second term. During the Bannock Indian war and the Nez Perce Indian uprising, 1877-78, Mr. Pinkham traveled with the regular army, and acted as purchasing agent for the boys in blue. After these disquietudes he engaged in the general mercantile business at Ketchum, a small mining camp in the Wood river country, where he remained until 1888.

"Mr. Pinkham's fearlessness, his executive ability and the grand record he had made during his two terms, eight years, as United States marshal created a demand that he be again entrusted with that important office. He received his third appoint- ment as United States marshal for the district of Idaho, March 3, 1891, from President Harrison, thus becoming the first United States marshal for Idaho after her admission to statehood.

"Many and thrilling are the stories that might be told of the exploits and hair- breadth escapes of Joseph Pinkham during his service as United States marshal, were it not for the fact that he Is singularly averse to relating accounts of his own experiences. No fear of personal danger was ever known to deter him from the performance of a duty. The signal achievement of his last term as marshal was his wholesale round-up of the notorious Coxie Army. These hoboes roamed over the state, taking possession of whole trains of cars and committing other depredations, threatening much violence and bloodshed. Marshal Pinkham with his deputies, ran them to Montpelier, and there captured the leader of the gang and put him in irons. The hoboes captured a freight train and escaped to Green River, where the marshal managed to have them coralled by the regular troops. The whole army, numbering two hundred and fifty-seven men, was brought to Boise, given trials, and turned over to the marshal for imprisonment for various periods, according to his discretion, up to six months. This was all accomplished without the loss of a drop of blood. During Jhe A. R. U. strike, shortly afterwards, Marshal Pinkham used such good Judgment inlmndling the crisis in his territory that he was especially commended by the officials over him. Attorney General Olney re- marked at one time, before a gathering of senators, that Marshal Pinkham had handled the Coxie Army and the strike affairs with better success than any of the other United States marshals in the other districts.

"After finishing his third term and several extra months as marshal, Mr. Pink- ham busied himself with his personal affairs, principally mining investements, until February 17, 1905, when he was deservedly appointed assayer of the United States assay office in Boise," assuming his duties March 3, 1905, which office he continued to fill creditably until his retirement on July 1, 1915, when he was succeeded by Curtis F. Pike; and since his retirement he has spent his summer months at Coeur d'Alene with his nephew, John P. Gray, a prominent attorney there, while his winters are passed

56 HISTORY OF IDAHO

at his home in Boise. "He owns some valuable real estate in Boise and some valuable mining properties, being interested in a group of mines in the Smoky and Wood River countries, which are now being worked on contract by New York parties.

"Mr. Pinkham has always been an aggressive republican, always active in political affairs and a warrior in every campaign since 1870. He has been known as a 'square fighter/ and his clean methods of warfare have made even the most stanch democrats his friends. He has several times been at the head of the republican state central com- mittee, and the present strength of the party in Idaho is largely due to his past efforts.

"Although now eighty-seven years of age, and notwithstanding the fact that not a few of the years of his life were strenuous indeed, Mr. Pinkham is well preserved. His step is firm, his eye is still keen, and his mental faculties are still alert. The spirit of progress is still within him and his patriotism for Idaho is still burning."

Mr. Joseph Pinkham was married January 14, 1858, to Mary Elizabeth Gray, who was born in Jackson, Cape Girardeau county, Missouri, March 24, 1839, and studied in Sharon Academy, Missouri. She was a daughter of John F. Gray, a well known Methodist minister, and of Flora A. Young. She crossed the plains in 1853: "The best woman on earth," who passed away May 3, 1918.

MISS BRITTOMART WOLFE.

Educational advancement and a more efficient school system find a warm champion in Miss Brittomart Wolfe, who now holds the important position of county superin- tendent of schools of Twin Falls county. She is a native of Shelton, Nebraska, and a daughter of Wilson B. Wolfe, who was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, of New Jersey parentage. In early life the father removed to Iowa, where he married Ruth Allan Roberts, a native of that state and a daughter of John Roberts, who was a pioneer of Lucas county, Iowa. Later they removed to Nebraska, thence to Colorado, and sub- sequently to Idaho. During her childhood Miss Wolfe accompanied her parents on their removal to Greeley, Colorado, and for ten years she made that city her home. She next was for a year in Boise and subsequently took up her residence in Twin Falls. Miss Wolfe received her education in the high school at Greeley, Colorado, and also took special courses at Berkeley and Oakland, California. She received her busi- ness education in a commercial school at Boise. In 1916 she was elected to her present position as county superintendent and so well did she discharge her duties that in 1919 she was reelected. In her political affiliations she is a republican, and her re- ligious faith is that of the Christian Science church.

HON. CHARLES P. MCCARTHY.

Hon. Charles P. McCarthy, judge of the third judicial district of Idaho, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on the 7th of August, 1881, a son of Michael and Mary A. (Penderghast) McCarthy, the former a native of Ireland, while the latter was born in the old Bay state. The Judge obtained his education in the public schools of Massachusetts, in Harvard University and in the Harvard Law School. He won his Bachelor of Arts degree upon graduation with the class of 1902 and the degree of LL. B. upon the completion of his law course in 1904. Thus equipped for active pro- fessional duties, he came to Idaho in <!905 and opened an office in Boise, where he has since resided. His knowledge of the law is comprehensive and exact and he ever prepared his cases with the utmost thoroughness and care, so that he was ready to present his cause in clear and logical form, his ability being attested by the court records. In 1907 he became assistant city attorney of Boise and in 1908 was elected to the office of prosecuting attorney for Ada county; was reelected in 1910 and served until 1912, when he was appointed district judge by Governor J. H. Hawley. In 1914 and 1918 he was elected to the office and has continuously served upon the district bench since 1912. His decisions are characterized by a marked fairness and impartiality in his rulings. He belongs to both the Idaho State and the American Bar associations.

On the 29th of September, 1909, Judge McCarthy was married to Ethel C. Stewart, a daughter of the late Justice George H. Stewart of the Idaho supreme court, and

HISTORY OF IDAHO 57

they have become parents of two daughters, Marion and Elizabeth. The religious faith of Judge and Mrs. McCarthy is that of the Presbyterian church and fraternally he is connected with the Masons and the Elks. He also belongs to the Boise Rotary Club, of which he is the vice president, and his political allegiance has ever been given to the republican party.

THOMAS E. HARPER.

Thomas E. Harper, probate judge of Cassia x:ounty and a resident of Burley, was born at Calls Fort, Boxelder county, Utah, August 18, 1857, his parents being Thomas and Hannah (Jones) Harper. While spending his boyhood days in his native state he pursued his education in the public schools and afterward went to southern Utah to assist in the development of a cotton plantation and vineyard for the Brigham City Cooperative Mercantile Institution. There he remained for two years. He afterward returned to his old home in northern Utah, where he followed farming until the spring of 1884, when he removed to Albion, Idaho. He then invested in one hundred and sixty acres of farm land, which he cultivated and improved until 1889. In that year he bought the contract of J. E. Miller to carry the mail from Minidoka to Albion and spent three years at that work.

In November, 1898, after having in the meantime spent a short period upon the farm of Mr. Harper was elected probate judge of Cassia county and has served con- tinuously since save for the period of 1908-9. His frequent reelections are unmistak- able proof of the capability and fidelity which he has displayed in office. He is most systematic in his work and has made an excellent probate judge. He has also served as a member of the city council of Albion and at all times gives loyal support to every plan or measure for the general good. His political allegiance has always been given to the republican party, and he does everything in his power to promote its growth and secure its success.

In 1878 Judge Harper was married to Miss Ellen Van Orden, a native of Utah and a daughter of Peter and Martha (Knight) Van Orden. Mrs. Harper passed away in 1882, when but twenty-seven years of age, leaving three children: Thomas E., Edmond and Albert. In May, 1888, Judge Harper was married to Miss Celia A. Phippen, a daughter of Joseph F. and Mary J. (Hudson) Phippen and a native of Coalville, Summit county, Utah. There are eight children of this marriage: Ella May, Bernice Jane, Joseph Free- man. Leslie T., R. E., Ora C., Loretta and Rulon J.

The religious faith of Judge Harper is that of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints. His has been an active and useful life in which he has improved his oppor- tunities wisely and well, not only in the advancement of his individual fortunes but for the benefit of the community at large. He has a wide acquaintance and all who know him speak of him in terms of warm regard.

ALVA D. STANTON.

Alva D. Stanton, a director and the cashier of the Meridian State Bank of Meridian, Idaho, was born at Valley Mills, near Indianapolis, Indiana, September 11, 1876, and is the eldest of the four sons of William S. and Edith (Bowles) Stanton. The father, •who in early life followed the occupation of farming and afterward engaged in mer- chandising, died at Northbranch, Jewell county, Kansas, in 1893, when still under forty years of age. The mother yet survives and is now the wife of William W. Worth, of Wichita. Kansas. The three brothers of .Alva D. Stanton are: Irvin J., who is with the United States Steel Corporation at Chicago end is married and has two children; Edwin M., a farmer of Colorado, who is married and has two children; and William L., who was recently graduated from the Friends' University of Wichita, Kansas, and is now a teacher in Guatemala, Central America. The Stantons are a Quaker family, the ances- try long being connected with the people of that faith, as was the Bowles family.

When only eight years of age Alva D. Stanton removed with his parents from Indi- ana to Jewell county, Kansas, and was there reared upon a farm. He was educated in the public schools of that state and in a Quaker academy at Northbranch, Jewell county. He spent five years as a student and teacher in that academy, being engaged to instruct

58 HISTORY OF IDAHO

•4

pupils in mathematics. He graduated from that school in 1898 and afterward taught for three years in a Friends' academy at Washington, Kansas, while later he engaged in business at that place. In 1907 he began his banking career as bookkeeper in the Wash- ington National Bank of Washington, Kansas, being thus employed for one year. Later he was cashier of the Hollenberg State Bank of the same county and in 1910 he came to Idaho, first making his way to Boise, where he was bookkeeper in a real estate office. Subsequently he became cashier of the Bank of Sweet at Sweet, Idaho, and thus served for five years. On the 20th of May, 1918, he became one of the organizers of the Merid- ian State Bank together with Frank I. Newhouse, who was chosen president of the bank and still fills that position, while John W. Hudson, also one of the organizers, remains as vice president, and Mr. Stanton was made cashier and yet continues in that office. The bank is capitalized for twenty-five thousand dollars and is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Mr. Stanton still retains his interest and stock in the Bank of Sweet, of which he is vice president and one of the directors. The Meridian State Bank is a member of the American Bankers Association and of the Idaho State Bank- ers Association.

On the 4th of September, 1900, Mr. Stanton was married to Miss Gertrude Perry, a native of Wisconsin and a graduate of the Northbranch Academy of Kansas. She became a teacher in the public schools of that state, teaching for some time prior to her mar- riage. She and her husband were students in the academy at the same time. To Mr. and Mrs. Stanton has been born a son, Gilbert Lewis, whose birth occurred November 5, 1907. Mr. and Mrs. Stanton are members of the Meridian Methodist Episcopal church, although he was reared in the faith of the Society of Friends and she in the Presbyte- rian church. They are much interested in school work and in all those forces which make for the uplift of the individual and the betterment of the community at large. Mrs. Stanton takes a most active and helpful interest in church work. Mr. Stanton is a republican in politics but not an office seeker. He gives the major part of his time and attention to his increasingly important banking interests and has contributed in marked measure to the success of the institution in which he is serving as cashier.

MONTIE B. GWINN.

Intense and well directed energy have brought Montie B. Gwinn to the position of secretary of the Malheur Live Stock & Land Company, to official connection with various banks and, more than that, to a point of leadership in connection with vital problems of war service. He has been a resident of Boise since 1871. He was born in Boone, Boone county, Iowa, September 16, 1857, a son of the Rev. Robert M. Gwinn, a Methodist minister, who was born in Pennsylvania and at the time of the Civil war rendered active service at the front in defense of the Union cause. The .mother died during the infancy of her son Montie B., and the father afterward mar- ried again, removing to Boise with his family in 1871 to accept the pastorate of the First Methodist Episcopal church of this city, which he thus served for two years. Later he removed to California, where his death occurred.

Montie B. Gwinn, however, remained in Boise and practically his entire life has been spent in Idaho and Oregon, in which states he is widely known as a representative of banking and financial interests, of real estate dealing and the sheep industry. His education has been largely acquired in the school of experience. Removing with the family to Boise when he was a lad of fourteen years, he entered a store, in which he remained as clerk until he attained his majority. He was ambitious, however, to engage in business on his own account and the years 1879 and 1880 found him actively connected with the lumber trade in Boise as proprietor of a yard. In the latter year he took up merchandising at Caldwell, Idaho, having in the meantime opened a store at Middleton, while later he also became connected with mercantile interests at De- Lamar, Idaho, and was thus engaged until 1893. From 1894 until 1898 he was managing director of the New York Life Insurance Company for Idaho and eastern Oregon, with headquarters at Boise, and for the past third of a century he has been prom- inently identified with the sheep industry and with the banking business in Idaho and Oregon. In 1906 he became the owner of a bank at Pendleton, Oregon, which he na- tionalized under the name of the American National Bank. He continued its conduct until 1908, when he sold the bank and returned to Boise. While at Pendleton he served for one year as president of the Oregon State Bankers Association, a position

MONTIE B. GWINN

HISTORY OF IDAHO 61

which indicated his high standing in the banking fraternity there. He was likewise chosen president of the Idaho State Bankers Association in 1918, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Governor Davis from that position. This was another recognition of his business standing and gives him the added distinction of having been at the head of the state banking association of two states. He is now a director of the First National Bank of Boise but at the present time is giving the greater part of his attention and energy to the management of the business of the Malheur Live Stock & Land Company of Boise, of which he is the secretary. This company operates extensively in Malheur county, Oregon, where it has large landed interests. Mr. Gwinn was one of the organizers of the company in 1903 and for many years has made the conduct of the business his chief concern, with offices in the Overland build- ing in Boise. The company owns and controls fifty thousand acres of land in Malheur, Grant and Harney counties of Oregon and its operations are leading to the upbuilding and development of that section of the country.

The live stock feature of the business has made Mr. Gwinn an authority upon the subject of sheep raising and he was called before the Idaho Bankers Association at its convention held in Pocatello in June, 1918, to speak upon the subject of the future of the sheep industry in the state. His figures, gleaned from statistics, In- dicate a decline in the sheep industry, with an increased consumption of mutton in the United States, while the annual imports of the country were over one-half of the wool consumed. In this connection Mr. Gwinn said: "Recognizing the need for a sub- stantial increase in the sheep industry in Idaho in the future, it occurs to me that one of the most needed things to bring this about is to have a thorough revision of public sentiment. The people of our communities must look upon it with friendly interest and discard absolutely any attitude of suspicion or doubt or antagonism. It must be recognized for what it is, an upbuilder of our state and nation, an industry to be fostered and encouraged, and not as an intruder in our communities or a menace to our farmers and other residents, for that it is not. And here, perhaps as much as any- where, the banker can serve an important part, not only to the sheep industry but to his community as well. Bankers are really the hub around which everything revolves in the small communities. From time immemorial it has fallen to the lot of the Danker to pass upon all matters of importance, not only financially but in most every civic way, in his community. The sheep industry is one of the staple industries of the state of Idaho and should receive the bankers' attention and support, not only because of the opportunities of loaning money on the sheep and the wool, etc., but because he should be interested in the things that will improve and develop any industry that is a material source of revenue, one of the best, to his community. He should, therefore, encourage it, and he can do much, perhaps more than any other, to mould public senti- ment and direct it along the right channel and bring about an attitude of interest, encouragement and appreciation of one of Idaho's greatest industries.

"The great ranges, being practically occupied at the present time, could and should be made to yield their maximum, and this could be accomplished by 'range classifica- tion.' There was a time in Idaho when the cattle industry occupied the greater part of the range; now the sheep do, for a flock of sheep can go into the nooks and the by-ways, eating weeds and covering a range that has no value for cattle. A thorough classification of ranges, so that they might be utilized scientifically and to their ut- most capacity, would increase the sheep industry and be of lasting benefit. The banker can aid in the work of bringing about such classification.

"A plan whereby the banker may help his community in the promotion and advance- ment of the sheep industry, which has been tried out in other western states is known as 'The Bank Sheep Club.' Our bankers can be of tremendous assistance in encourging the farm flock idea. A bank may purchase a band of sheep and distribute them in lots of twenty-five, fifty or one hundred to the farmers residing nearby, and these will consume weeds, feed around fence corners, etc., that could not otherwise be utilized. There is no opportunity in this paper to deal extensively with the subject, but every Idaho banker should investigate the matter of a Bank Sheep Club and see if he cannot put it into practical operation in his community.

"I have dealt briefly with but a few of the things that can help the sheep industry of the future, more especially where the banker can be of assistance. The matter of educating the public to understand the sheep grower and know him as a friend, the matters of range classification, of a 'county agent or adviser, of thoroughbred sheep and of the Sheep Bank Club — these are all things in which you. Mr. Banker, can help the sheep growers of Idaho and increase their production and thereby better serve our

62 HISTORY OF IDAHO

'country. And in closing I urge upon you that you not only give these things your thought, but that you likewise take home with you a determination to help carry them out. Our meetings, our conferences such as these, may develop ideas, they may give us new thoughts, but unless we put them into operation they are nothing, and we have gained nothing. So I give you the Idaho Slogan— 'IDAHOANS, DON'T DEBATE IT! DO IT!'" : /'•

Mr. Gwinn's address awakened deep interest, for his position as a business man of keen sagacity and sound judgment is well known and, moreover, he is the vice president of the Idaho State Bankers Assocjation, which he was addressing.

Many problems of public moment Mr. Gwinn has studied thoroughly, delving to the root of the matter and taking many an initial progressive step leading to desired re- sults. He early turned his attention to questions of irrigation and was chairman of the executive committee of the Fourteenth National Irrigation Congress, which was held in Boise from the 3d to the 8th of September, 1906. When matters of national concern demanded the attention and cooperation of leading business men of the country he gave of his time and energy as well as his means to support the interests of the government. He was made vice chairman for Idaho during the first, second and third Libetry Loans and chairman of the fourth Liberty Loan, held in October, 1918, and the fifth or Victory Loan in May, 1919. For a third of a century he has been a most earnest and generous supporter of all measures which have had to do with the upbuilding and progress of the state, and his broad vision and sound judgment have enabled him to readily recognize the possibilities of every situation and the value of every opportunity. People like men who do things. They also admire those who are always on the firing line — who make opportunities, not wait for opportunities. In Idaho, as in other states, there are those who have been pathfinders so to speak — who have blazed the way for others who came later. Such pioneering has not been confined to any one line of activity, and it has sometimes fallen to the lot of one person to have been useful and prominent in several lines of constructive work. Such a man is Montie B. Gwinn. Coming to the then territory of Idaho when a mere lad, he did real pioneering from the first, and has never faltered when called upon to help in the development of the state's material resources or to assist in the things pertain- ing to its civic betterment.

On the 4th of May, 1881, Mr. Gwinn was married to Miss Delia Lake, of Portland, Oregon. Matters of personal interest to him cover his connection with several fraternal organizations. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias, and in the first named he is a prominent figure, having served as the fourth grand master in Idaho and as one of the organizers of the order in the state in 1883. His work has been continued, he having served in the position of representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge of that order for many years and as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Odd Fellows Home, which is soon to be built at Caldwell, the site for which was donated by Mr. Gwinn. He is also one of the board of trustees of the College of Idaho, having given liberally to that institution, and is active in the effort to see it well endowed.

MAJOR ANDREW F. CALDWELL.

Major Andrew F. Caldwell, now living retired in Pocatello, has for thirty-seven years been a resident of Idaho. He was born in Warren county, Illinois, June 2, 1846, a son of Thomas Jackson and Mary (Allen) Caldwell, both of whom were natives of Greene county, Illinois. Spending his youthful days under the parental roof, Major Caldwell attended the district schools until he reached the age of sixteen years and then devoted his attention to farming until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he joined the Union army and served for a year as a private in Company A of the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, which was engaged in what was then known as bushwhacking. Mr. Caldwell had responded to President Lincoln's last call and when the country no longer needed his services he returned to his home and again took up the occupation of farming, which he followed until 1882. In that year he came to Idaho on account of his wife's health and on the 1st of May, 1886, took up his abode in Pocatello. He began work in a post trader's store, where he remained for five years and was then made deputy sheriff of the county, which position he filled for a period of four years. When President McKinley was elected he appointed Mr.

HISTORY OF IDAHO 63

Caldwell to the office of postmaster of Pocatello, but after two years spent in that posi- tion the latter resigned, at the request of some of the political leaders of the district, to take charge of the Fort Hall Indian reservation, upon which he remained for ten years or until the 1st of October, 1910, when he retired from active business. During his con- nection with the Indian agency he was instrumental in erecting the fine brick school building there found. He now spends his time between Pocatello and California, giving his attention to the supervision of his* investments, which represent valuable property holdings.

On the 3d of November, 1869, Major Caldwell was united in marriage to Miss Cora Oilman, a native of Illinois, and they have become the parents of three chil- dren, two sons and a daughter: Fred G., who is interested in the Idaho Loan & Invest- ment Company of Pocatello; Orrin A., who died in Mexico eight years ago while engaged in mining in connection with the Guggenheim interests; and Uluetta, the wife of James Prinsen, of Salt Lake City, where he is connected with the Western Powder Company.

Mr. Caldwell has been an earnest republican since casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln while serving with the army. He has been a member of the city council but has never been a politician in the usually accepted sense of seeking office. He belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and he is one of the widely known and highly esteemed residents of Pocatello, where he has made his home since pioneer times. As the years have passed he has taken active interest in the wel- fare and progress of his state, contributing in large measure to its upbuilding along various lines.

HON. FRANK MARTIN.

Hon. Frank Martin, a prominent attorney of Boise, whose ability Is attested in the large and distinctively representative clientage accorded him, first came to Idaho in 1878 and has resided continuously within the borders of the state since 1886, while since 1892 he has successfully followed his profession at the capital. He was born in Arkansas on the 1st of January, 1864, the younger of the two sons of Captain Benjamin Franklin Martin, a native of Virginia, who was killed at the battle of Pilot Knob during the Civil war in the fall of 1864, while commanding a company that was serving in an Arkansas regiment under General Sferling Price.

( In 1878 his son, Frank Martin, came to Idaho with his mother, a brother and a sister, 'the family lived for a year in Ada county and then removed to Oregon, where they resided for three years. Mr. Martin of this review taught school in early life both in Oregon and Idaho but regarded this merely as an initial step to other professional labor. Even while teaching school he devoted his leisure time to the study of law and in 1892 he was graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. On the completion of his course he at once returned to Idaho and entered upon the active practice of his profession in Boise, where his developing powers have brought him notable success. He is now the senior partner of the law firm of Martin & Martin, located in the Idaho building, his partner being his nephew, Thomas L. Martin. The only brother of Frank Martin is Thomas B. Martin, five years his senior, who recently served as United States marshal for the state of Idaho.

Frank Martin has several times been called upon for public service. He has ever been a stalwart democrat and has taken active part in both local and state politics. He served as chairman of the democratic central committee of Ada county for several terms and was chosen chairman of the democratic state convention in 1896 and again in 1918. He also served as presidential elector in 1912 and again in 1916. He has never been defeated for political office and yet he is not an aspirant for political honors and emoluments. In 1901 and 1902, however, he served as attorney general of Idaho, consenting to become a candidate for the position on the solicitation of many friends. He considers the pursuits of private life as in themselves abundantly worthy of his best efforts. Well versed in the learning of his profession and with a deep knowledge of human nature and the springs of human conduct, with great shrewdness and qagacity and extraordinary tact, he is in the courts an advocate of great power and influence, and judges and juries always hear him with attention and deep interest. He has been con- nected with much important litigation heard in the courts of the state and his increasing ability has gained him distinction as one of Boise's most able lawyers. He belongs to the American Bar Association and also to the Idaho State Bar Association, of which he

64 HISTORY OF IDAHO

•has been honored with the presidency. In addition to his law practice he is interested in ranching in this state. He owns a fine stock farm of five hundred acres near Merid- ian, Ada county, nine miles from Boise, and takes the greatest interest in its develop- ment and conduct.

In December, 1893, Mr. Martin was married to Miss Ella L. Hall, a native of Ver- mont and a representative of one of the old New England families that rendered patri- otic service to the country in the Revolutionary war. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have become parents of two sons. Frank Jr., and Homer. The former went to camp Hancock, Augusta, Georgia, as a private in the United States army. He was a student in the University of Michigan when the war broke out and would have graduated in 1918, having finished his junior year at Ann Arbor. The younger son, Homer, is a high school student.

Mr. Martin has always been interested in educational progress and development and was regent of the Idaho State University from 1897 until 1899 inclusive. He is prom- inently known as an Odd Fellow and is a past grand master of the order in the state. He has also represented Idaho in the Sovereign Grand Lodge for the past ten years. He is a man of high personal worth and of progressive citizenship, and his endorsement of any public measure insures to it a large following.

CHARLES H. WOODMANSEE.

Honored and respected by all, no man occupied a more enviable position in the financial and business circles of Rexburg and Madison county than did Charles H. Woodmansee. His activities covered a broad scope and his efforts were of a char- acter that contributed to general progress and prosperity as well as to individual success. He was for several years the president of the First National Bank of Rex- burg, was for some time extensively connected with the sheep industry and was the original promoter of dry farming in this section. He also owned vast tracts of irri- gated lands and his extensive farming interests classified him with the leading agri- culturists of Idaho. The state therefore lost a valued and prominent citizen when he was called to his final rest.

Mr. Woodmansee was born in Ogden, Utah, June 4, 1867, a son of Charles and Harriet E. (Porter) Woodmansee, the latter a native of Vermont. The father was a merchant in early life and in the pioneer period in the development of Utah became a resident of that state, settling first at Salt Lake, while afterward he removed tp Ogden, where he engaged in general merchandising. He remained there for several years as a merchant and then turned his attention to the real estate business and to speculative building. He erected a large number of business houses in the city which are still owned by the estate, and his widow yet remains a resident of Ogden. His death occurred in 1893.

Charles H. Woodmansee was reared and educated in Ogden and remained with his parents until he reached the age of twenty years. He worked for his father until 1887, when he came to Idaho, settling in Rexburg, then a part of Oneida county, but now Madison county. He bought land five miles east of Rexburg, on Moody creek, and he owned and farmed six hundred and forty acres of irrigated land, which he improved and continued to cultivate until 1900, when he sold that property and bought dry land. He thus introduced dry farming into the region. He bought a relinquish- ment, as did James W. Webster, and later on they consolidated their interests and built a thirty thousand dollar canal. They owned twenty-five hundred acres, which they cultivated together for several years. Mr. Woodmansee was the business man of the company and they continued together as partners until his death, which oc- curred on the 2d of December, 1911, after an illness extending over two or three years, although he attended to his business interests until within three months of his death. Most of their farm land was devoted to the raising of Turkey Red wheat. After the death of her husband Mrs. Woodmansee sold her interest in the farm property to Mr. Webster. Mr. Woodmansee did not confine his attention to agricultural pursuits, however. He helped organize and was made the president of the First National Bank of Rexburg and his sound judgment constituted an important element in the success of every enterprise with which he was connected.

Mr. Woodmansee was married on the 26th of October, 1887, to Miss Vilate Pin- cock, a daughter of John and Isabella (Douglas) Pincock, who were natives of Eng- land and came to America at an early day, settling in St. Louis, Missouri, where the

CHARLES H. WOODMANSEE

Vol. II— 5

HISTORY OF IDAHO 67

father was employed in various ways. Later they went to Utah,- establishing their home in Davis county, and afterward they were residents of Ogden, Weber county, Utah. Mr. Pincock was connected with railroading for several years and finally re- tired. His death occurred December 15, 1905. His wife passed away August 15, 1918. Their daughter, Mrs. Woodmansee, was born in Ogden, August 24, 1867. By her mar- riage she became the mother of ten children. Grace, the eldest, is the wife of E. A. Beasley, a resident of Rexburg. Charles R. died in May, 1911, in Switzerland, where he was filling a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, being at that time nineteen years of age. Pearl died at the age of one month. Clyde is at Jiome. Glenn married Ruby Johnson and resides in Rexburg. Harvey and Henry are twins. Harvey married Ritta Sherwood of Rigby. Ethel died at the age of five weeks. Marion and John are also with their mother.

Mr. Woodmansee was a very public-spirited citizen and was connected with many enterprises that were of general benefit to the community. He took an active interest in educational affairs and efficiently served as school director. He had charge of the construction of a large part of the Yellowstone branch of the Oregon Short Line Rail- road and also assisted in the building of the sugar factory at Rexburg. His political allegiance was given to the democratic party. He was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and served as counselor to the president of Fremont stake, Thomas E. Bassett, for several years. His son Glenn filled a mission in the eastern states for twenty-seven months. The sterling personal worth, the business ability and the progressive citizenship of Mr. Woodmansee made him one of Rex- burg's valued and honored residents. His widow survives and has recently completed a modern brick bungalow in Rexburg which she is now occupying. She has reared a family of which she has every reason to be proud, and in the social circles of the city they occupy an enviable position.

LE ROY C. JONES.

Le Roy C. Jones, United States marshal for the district of Idaho and a resident of Boise, was born in Beatrice, Nebraska, February 12, 1864, the youngest of the seven sons of Samuel and Rebecca (Pethoud) Jones, both of whom have passed away. The father was a native of Virginia and the mother of Ohio. They became residents of Nebraska in 1857, and there the father passed away in 1872, while the mother later removed to Idaho, her last days being spent in Gooding, where her death occurred in 1872. They were the parents of eleven children, seven of whom are yet living.

Le Roy C. Jones was reared upon a Nebraska farm and early became familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. The winter seasons were devot&d to the acquirement of a public school education until he reached the age of seventeen years. When a youth of eighteen he left home and soon became a cowboy in western Nebraska. In the spring of 1882 he arrived in Idaho and has since made his home at Gooding. He followed farming and the raising of live stock in that vicinity and still owns his farming interests there. His fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and ability and his devotion to the public welfare, elected him to the office of sheriff of Lincoln county in 1898 upon the democratic ticket. He served for one term at that time and again was chosen to the position in 1906 for a two years' term. In 1915 he was appointed by Governor Alexander fish and game warden of the state of Idaho and occupied the position until May 7, 1918, when he resigned to accept the office of United States marshal for the district of Idaho, to which he was appointed by President Wil- son. He is now acting in that capacity, being capable and fearless in the discharge of hi? duties.

In 1885, at the age of twenty-one years, Mr. Jones was married at Hailey, Idaho, to Miss Sarah Johnston, who was born in England and was brought to America by her mother during her infancy. She was largely reared in Indiana and Colorado. Her father. Martin Johnston, was a railroad man. To Mr. and Mrs. Jones have been born ten children, eight sons and two daughters, of whom seven sons and two daughters are yet living. Their eldest child was the first white child born in Gooding, at which time the town was called Toponis. The names of the children are Norah, John B., Charles A., Stephen Le Roy, Joseph M., Samuel *W., Mary Myrtle, Frank G., Alvin and Jerome and all are living with the exception of Stephen Le Roy, who passed away in childhood.

68 HISTORY OF IDAHO

Charles A., Joseph. M. and Samuel W. were in the United States army, the two latter being on active duty in Prance. The daughter Norah is assistant postmaster of Gooding. Mr. Jones has long been prominent in democratic politics in Lincoln county, serving as chairman of the democratic central committee for several terms and also as a member of the state central committee. His opinions carry weight in the councils of the party, and he has done much to shape its policy and direct its activities in this state.

HON. ISAAC NEWTON SULLIVAN.

Hon. Isaac Newton Sullivan, whose high professional attainments are attested by the fact that for twenty-six years he was a member of the Idaho supreme court, serving for eleven years of that period as chief justice, is now giving his attention to the private practice of law as a senior partner in the firm of Sullivan & Sullivan of Boise. He was born in Delaware county, Iowa, November 3, 1848, a son of Aaron Sulli- van, who was born in Logan county, Ohio, near Urbana, where he was reared, educated and married. He was a representative of one of the old families of New Hampshire and it is believed that from the same ancestry came John Sullivan, who was a delegate from New Hampshire to the first continental congress at Philadelphia in 1774. Aaron Sullivan devoted his life to farming and stock raising. He married Jane Lippincott, who was also a native of Logan county, Ohio, the wedding being celebrated in 1838. They began their domestic life in their native county but in 1844 removed westward to Delaware county, Iowa, where their remaining days were passed. They were early set- tlers of that locality and for many years were rated among its most substantial and valued citizens. The mother passed away in 1887 and the father, who was born Febru- ary 21, 1811, died in 1894 at the venerable age of eighty-three years. He was a well-to-do farmer of Delaware county and at one time owned about a section of land. The close connection of the family with the representatives of that name in New Hamp- shire comes through John Sullivan, the paternal grandfather, who was born in the Old Granite state, while his parents came to the new world from the north of Ire- land and were of Scotch-Irish descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Sullivan were born nine children, six sons and three daughters, namely: Mary Rebecca, Samuel Parker, Sarah Ellen, Andrew Jackson, Isaac Newton, Jane A., Aaron Rudolphus, Benjamin Franklin and Lucius Matlack. Singular to state, the six sons all survive, while the three daughters have passed away. Two of the sons are residents of Iowa, two of Idaho, one of Montana and one of California. The brother of the Judge living in Idaho is Andrew Jackson Sullivan, of Emmett, Idaho, where he is engaged in farming and stock raising.

Judge Sullivan was reared upon the old homestead farm in Delaware county, Iowa, with the usual experiences of the farmer boy. He attended the country schools to the age of fifteen years and afterward had the advantage of instruction in a select school. When seventeen years of age he took up the profession of teaching in the public schools of his native county, his object being to thus acquire the necessary means for a college education. He received his collegiate training -in Adrian College of Michigan, which thereafter conferred upon him the Master of Laws degree.

Judge Sullivan was but twenty-one years of age when on the 14th of February. 1870, he was united in marriage to Miss Christine Josephine Moore, a native of Ohio, and they have since traveled life's journey happily together. Mrs. Sullivan took a most helpful interest in Red Cross work and other war activities.

Judge Sullivan continued to engage in teaching both before and after his mar- riage and in 1872 and 1873 was principal of the public schools of Coffeyville, Kansas. Returning to Delaware county, Iowa, he served at Delhi as deputy county clerk for a year or more and also taught school until 1875. In the meantime he had been studying law, devoting every leisure hour to that task for several years, and in 1875 he successfully passed the required examination at Delhi that secured him admission to the Iowa bar. He did not settle down to the actual practice of law, however, until 1880, although for a brief period he followed his profession at Delhi.

In 1881 Judge Sullivan arrived in Idaho, taking up his abode at Hailey, where he formed a law partnership with Texas Angel, who had come to Idaho from Wis- consin. The firm of Angel & Sullivan was maintained until November 3, 1890, when the junior partner was elected a justice of»the Idaho supreme court. He not only became a member of the first supreme court of the state but, drawing the short term

HISTORY OF IDAHO 69

of office, also became the first chief justice. With the expiration of his term he was reelected and later reelections continued him upon the bench for twenty-six consecu- tive years, with eleven years' service as chief justice. He has been associated with many of the strongest and most capable men of the Idaho bar and is the peer of any who have sat in the court of last resort In two decades he participated in the con- sideration and disposition of about three thousand cases, nearly all of which are writ- ten opinions and may be found in volumes III to XXX of the Idaho Reports. He has displayed a rare combination of talent, learning, tact, patience and industry, and his decisions indicate strong mentality, careful analysis, thorough knowledge of the law and an unbiased judgment. He retired from the supreme court bench January 1, 1917, enjoying the distinction of serving thereon for a much longer period than any other jurist of Idaho, his nearest competitor having been James P. Ailshie, who served for about eleven and a half years. With his retirement he formed the law firm of Sullivan & Sullivan and is now engaged in private practice.

The sons, Willis Eugene and La Verne Latimer, the only children of Judge and Mrs. Sullivan, are graduates of the Columbian University of Washington, D. C., where they completed their course in law, and both are now well known members of the Idaho bar. They have offices in both Boise and Hailey and their clientage is of a most extensive and important character.

While Judge Sullivan has ever been a most discriminating student of the law, he has also kept in touch with the trend of modern thought and research along scien- tific and literary lines. Those who meet him find him a man of very broad learning, liberal in his judgment and clear in his reasoning. In politics he has always been a stalwart republican, but as a contemporary biographer has expressed it, "He is more than a republican — he is a broad-minded, sincere, capable, honest and incorruptible American citizen."

WILLIS E. SULLIVAN.

Willis E. Sullivan, attorney at law of Boise, whose professional standing is in- dicated in the fact that he is now president of the Idaho State Bar Association, is prac- ticing as a member of the law firm of Sullivan & Sullivan, the senior partner of which firm is his father, the Hon. Isaac N. Sullivan, the other partners being the two sous, Willis E. and La Verne L. The birthplace of Willis E. Sullivan was Coffeyville, Kan- sas, and his natal day, August 24, 1874. He came to Idaho with his parents in July, 1883, the family home being established at Hailey. There he attended the high school until 1891, in which year he entered Willamette University at Salem, Oregon, where he studied for a year. He next became a student in the Portland University, at Port- land, Oregon, where he remained for two years or until his graduation with the class of 1894. He had completed the scientific and Latin courses and he afterward spent a year in study at the Valparaiso University of Indiana. In 1896 he matriculated in the law department of the Columbian University at Washington, D. C., now the George Washington University, and spent three years in that institution, winning the LL. B. degree upon his graduation with the class of 1898. The following year he received the LL. M. degree from his alma mater, and during that year was president of his class. For three years he engaged in the practice of law at Scranton, Pennsylvania, and for one year was a member of the Chicago bar. In 1903 he returned to Hailey, Idaho, and the firm of Sullivan & Sullivan was formed. The father was at that time chief justice of the state. The law office at Hailey is still maintained in charge of La Verne L. Sullivan. The Boise office was opened in 1907 and with the father's retirement from the state supreme bench in 1917 he joined his two sons as a member of the firm, which occupies a place in the front ranks of the profession in the state. Willis E. Sullivan Is strictly a lawyer, devoting the greater part of his time and attention to his pro- fessional interests, yet he has made judicious investments along other lines, being now the owner of farm and orchard lands and of banking interests. He is a director of the Pacific National Bank, for which the firm of Sullivan & Sullivan acts as attorneys.

On the 9th of June, 1910, in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Mr. Sullivan was united in marriage to Miss Helen T. Ford, her father being Charles P. Ford, a coal operator of Scranton. They have become parents of two children: Willis E., Jr., who is eight years of age; and Helen Ford, aged one.

Fraternally Mr. Sullivan is an Elk. His political allegiance is given to the re-

70 HISTORY OF IDAHO

publican party and he keeps well versed on the vital questions and issues of the day, nor does he hesitate to express his honest convictions, but he has never been a poli- tician in the sense of office seeking, preferring to concentrate his efforts and energies upon his professional duties, and his devotion to his clients' interests has become proverbial.

FRANK FISK JOHNSON.

Frank Fisk Johnson, whose active connection with the business interests and de- velopment of Boise is best stated in the fact that he is the vice president of the Boise City National Bank and the president of the Idaho Power Company, comes to the west from Wisconsin, his birth having occurred in Shawano, that state, on the 15th of November, 1862. His father, Albert Johnson, was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, November 4, 1837, a son of Benjamin F. Johnson and a representative of one of the old New England families. Albert Johnson was a civil and mining engineer who re- moved to Wisconsin in 1860 and in 1864 became a resident of Colorado, where he was later appointed surveyor general of the state. His last days were passed in the home of a daughter in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where his death occurred November 11, 1912. On the 17th of October, 1861, he had wedded Elizabeth S. Fisk, of Fort Howard, Wisconsin, who was born at Green Bay, that state, on the 9th of October, 1841, and died May 21, 1906, at which time she and her husband were making their home in Spokane, Washington. She was a daughter of Joel S. Fisk, a very prominent citizen of Green Bay and of Fort Howard, Wisconsin. By her marriage she became the mother of two children, the younger being a daughter, Mrs. Annie R. Jones, now living in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Frank F. Johnson, the elder, was reared at Georgetown, Colorado, and his education, largely acquired in the schools of that state, included a course in the Denver high school, which, however, was supplemented by a course in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in which he pursued the studies of chemistry and mining. Returning to Colorado, he took part as a civil engineer in government survey work and also gave some attention to cattle raising in that state. In 1887 he removed to Idaho, arriving at Murray on the 21st of March of that year. There he engaged in the banking business, serving as assistant cashier of the Bank of Murray. In 1891 he founded the Bank of North Idaho at Murray and has been continuously, actively and successfully identified with the banking business in this state throughout the period of his residence within its borders. He sold the Bank of North Idaho in 1895. In the meantime, or in 1892, he had removed to Wallace, Idaho, where he organized the First National Bank, of which he became president, remaining an active factor in the financial circles of that city until 1910, when he disposed of his interests in the bank of Wallace and removed to Boise. Here he became cashier of the Boise City National Bank and in 1915 was elected to the vice presidency, in which capacity he has since served, his opinions and activities being an influencing factor in shaping the policy of the institution, which is one of the strong financial concerns of the state. He has also been the president of the Idaho Power Company since 1916 and is thus identified with another of the important corporate interests of the state. He is likewise the president of the First National Bank of Twin Falls, Idaho, which he organized in March, 1905, and associated with him in the founding of that bank was John M. Maxwell, who has continuously served as its cashier and manager. Another associate in the establishment of the Twin Falls bank was Samuel H. Hays, now mayor of Boise, also Philip Weisner, now deceased, and I. B. Perrine. Mr. Johnson was also one of the organizers of the Farmers State Bank of Nez Perce, Idaho, in which undertaking he was associated with L. N. Swift, who has continuously been its president, and F. W. Katenbaugh. In large measure, as indicated, Mr. Johnson has contributed to the establishment and development of the banking interests of the state, recognizing at all times that the bank is most worthy of credit and support that most carefully safeguards the interests of its depositors. His progressiveness therefore has been tempered by a safe conserva- tism and results achieved have been most satisfactory to the general public as well as to the stockholders.

On the 17th of April, 1888, Mr. Johnson was married to Miss Marie L. Gieson, a native of Wisconsin, and they have three children: Albert Donnan, who was born October 14, 1889, and became a second lieutenant in the Three Hundred and Eighteenth

FRANK F. JOHNSON

HISTORY OF IDAHO 73

•

Engineers, on duty in France; Clara Louise, who was born March 16, 1891, and is the wife of Pasco B. Carter, of Boise; and Ellsworth Egbert, who was born January 14, 1896. Both sons are graduates of Harvard College and the only daughter is a gradu- ate of the Dana Hall School for Young Ladies at Wellesley, Massachusetts.

In politics Mr. Johnson is a republican but not bound by party ties. He served as treasurer of Shoshone county, Idaho, in 1891 and 1892 but has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking. However, in 1904 he served as chairman of the repub- lican county committee of Shoshone county. He is a member and ex-president of the Boise Commercial Club and a trustee of the Children's Home Finding Association. Fraternally he is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine and he is also connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, being a past exalted ruler of the lodge at Wallace. During the period of the war he has been very active in support of all interests upholding national plans, was the state chairman of the first Liberty Loan campaign in Idaho and was state treasurer of the American Red Cross for three years or until the office was abolished. His life work has reached out along many lines of usefulness which have been highly resultant and as a business man and citizen he stands among the foremost representatives of Idaho.

WALTER S. BRUCE.

Walter S. Bruce, president of the Bruce & Fuld Loan & Trust Company of Boise and until recently a member of the Idaho state board of education, was born in San Francisco, California, March 28, 1865. His father, Captain James H. Bruce, was a na- tive of Maine, who went to California by way of Cape Horn in 1850 and made his home in that sunny state throughout the remainder of his days. He was a sea captain on the Pacific for many years and after retiring from the sea was prominent in shipping circles of San Francisco for thirty years preceding his death, which occurred in Berke- ley, California, in 1908. The name of "Jim" Bruce is still a familiar one among men most prominently identified with the shipping industry of the Pacific coast. His wife, who in her maidenhood was Sarah Louise Cookiugham, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, and is still living, now making her home in Alameda, California. Both par- ents were representatives of old Revolutionary stock, and Walter S. Bruce has mem- bership with the Sons of the American Revolution. His ancestry can be traced back to Deacon Samuel Chapin, who was one of the founders of Springfield, Massachusetts, and therefore one of the earliest of New England's settlers.

Walter S. Bruce, reared and educated in San Francisco, supplemented his public school training by a business course and at the age of sixteen years secured the posi- tion of bookkeeper in a wholesale dry goods house in his native city. Two years after- ward he entered the employ of a wholesale hardware firm in San Francisco as a clerk and thus continued for four years. In 1887, or when twenty-two years of age, he came to Idaho, and Boise has since been his home. During the first twenty years of his residence in this city he was assistant cashier of the Boise City National Bank, having removed to Idaho in order to assume the duties of that office. He resigned in 1907 to engage in business on his own account. He first became general agent of the Fidelity & Deposit Company of Maryland for the state of Idaho and acted in that capacity while at the same time he conducted a general insurance and loan business. He divided his time and retention between the two interests for several years, or until 1911, when he formed a partnership with Sidney C. Fuld in organizing and incorporating the Bruce & Fuld Loan & Trust Company, of which Mr. Bruce has since been the president, with Mr. Fuld as the secretary and treasurer. The firm has its home office in Boise, and aside from the business indicated by the title they conduct a general insurance busi- ness. They also continue to represent the Fidelity & Deposit Company of Maryland as general agents in Idaho and eastern Oregon and their clientage is extensive and important.

On the 7th of August, 1890, Mr. Bruce was married in San Francisco to Miss Eliza- beth M. Bibbins, a native of that city, and they have become parents of three chil- dren: Helen Louise, the wife of Irving W. Stoddard; Warren Richardson; and James Stewart. The two sons are twenty-four and fifteen years of age respectively. The for- mer served in the United States army during the great war as a first lieutenant in the aviation service in France.

Mr. Bruce is a stalwart republican in his political views and served for four

74 HISTORY OF IDAHO

years as a member of the state board of education, from April, 1913, until April, 1917, by appointment of Governor Haines. Fraternally he is connected with the Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Rotary Club, and aside from holding mem- bership with the Sons of the American Revolution he is a member and one of the trustees of the First Methodist Episcopal church of Boise.

CHARLES W. POMEROY.

Charles W. Pomeroy, filling the office of county clerk of Bannock county and re- siding at Pocatello, was born in Virginia on the 17th of November, 1876, his birthplace being a farm near the village of Potomac Mills, on the banks of the Potomac river. His parents were John and Teresa Ann (Trew) Pomeroy, both now deceased. In the family were four sons, one of the brothers of Charles W. Pomeroy residing at Bethle- hem, Pennsylvania, while two are yet living in Virginia. The ancestry in both the paternal and maternal lines can be traced back through four generations of Virginians.

Charles W. Pomeroy pursued his education in the Oak Grove Academy of Virginia, from which he was graduated in 1898. He also pursued a course in the Bethlehem (Pa.) Business College, after which he was employed at the Bethlehem steel works, while later he entered the service of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, with which he con- tinued until 1903. That year witnessed his arrival in Pocatello, Idaho, where he en- tered the service of the Oregon Short Line Railroad as chief clerk in the engineering department. He remained until 1913, when he was elected to the position of county clerk, in which capacity he has since served, covering a period of almost a decade. That he has made a most commendable record is indicated in the fact that he has been so frequently reelected to the office. He has always given his political allegiance to the republican party and is a stalwart advocate and supporter of its principles, being recognized as one of the local leaders of the party in Idaho. Mr. Pomeroy has also been admitted to the bar., for he devoted his leisure hours for many years to the read- ing of law and thus qualified for the profession, which he expects soon to take up as an active life work.

On the 1st of June, 1904, Mr. Pomeroy was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Frances McConkay, of Iowa. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and his religious faith is that of the Baptist church. He is fond of tennis and other outdoor sports and is a very versatile young man of pleas> ing appearance and a most interesting talker. His wide acquaintance and his per- sonal qualifications are such as seem to insure success at the bar when he enters upon the practice of law. In the meantime he is proving a most capable official in the office of county clerk and strong endorsement of his administration is given in the fact that he has so frequently been called to the position.

CHRISTOPHER W. MOORE.

In the year 1862 Christopher W. Moore became a resident of northern Idaho and the following year removed to Boise. Through the intervening period to the time of his death he figured most actively and prominently in connection with the business upbuilding and substantial development of the capital city and of the state at large. He was identified with various mercantile interests in different cities of the state and for many years was the president of the First National Bank of Idaho at Boise. He was ever a forceful representative of the community, strong in his ability to plan and perform, strong in his honor and his good name. He was born in Toronto, Can- ada, November 30, 1835, a son of Christopher and Eliza (Crawford) Moore and of Scotch-Irish descent. His parents spent the greater part of their lives in or near Toronto, the father devoting his attention to farming and merchandising. The father passed away in the seventieth year of his age, while the mother was sixty-six at the time of her demise.

Christopher W. Moore, one of a family of six children, was a young lad when his parents removed from Toronto to Wisconsin and his education was acquired in the schools of both districts in which the family lived. On the 5th of May, 1852, when a youth of sixfeen, he started for the Pacific coast in company with his parents and others of the family, who traveled with a party that made the long and arduous journey

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across the plains with teams, experiencing many of the privations and hardships in- cident to travel according to that method and in that period. There was always danger of Indian attack and it behooved the travelers to be cautious and on the alert at